Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34954186›Full record

ArticleThe Science of the total environment2022

Tracking the temporal variation of COVID-19 surges through wastewater-based epidemiology during the peak of the pandemic: A six-month long study in Charlotte, North Carolina.

Visva Bharati Barua, Md Ariful Islam Juel, A Denene Blackwood, Thomas Clerkin, Mark Ciesielski, Adeola Julian Sorinolu, David A Holcomb, Isaiah Young, Gina Kimble, Shannon Sypolt and 3 more

Registry-linked trialAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in The Science of the total environment, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06813352 (Analysis of Facial Expressions for Pain Recognition), which is not on this map. Cited by 27 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
27citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT06813352 recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2025, after this paper: background citation

Analysis of Facial Expressions for Pain Recognition: Using Artificial Intelligence and Biomarkers as a Pain Diagnostic Tool in Fibromyalgia, a Pilot Study

Typeobservational_patient_registrySponsorFaculdade de Ciências Médicas de Minas GeraisRan2025 to 2026Enrolled122ConditionsFibromyalgia (FM), Pain, Catastrophizing Pain
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

27 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Visva Bharati BaruaDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of North Carolina Charlotte, 9201 University City Boulevard, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA.
Md Ariful Islam JuelDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of North Carolina Charlotte, 9201 University City Boulevard, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA.
A Denene BlackwoodInstitute of Marine Sciences, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Morehead City, NC 28557, USA.
Thomas ClerkinInstitute of Marine Sciences, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Morehead City, NC 28557, USA.
Mark CiesielskiInstitute of Marine Sciences, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Morehead City, NC 28557, USA.
Adeola Julian SorinoluDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of North Carolina Charlotte, 9201 University City Boulevard, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA.
David A HolcombDepartment of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
Isaiah YoungDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of North Carolina Charlotte, 9201 University City Boulevard, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA.
Gina KimbleCharlotte Water, 5100 Brookshire Blvd., Charlotte, NC 28216, USA.
Shannon SypoltCharlotte Water, 5100 Brookshire Blvd., Charlotte, NC 28216, USA.
Lawrence S EngelDepartment of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
Rachel T NobleInstitute of Marine Sciences, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Morehead City, NC 28557, USA.
Mariya MunirDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of North Carolina Charlotte, 9201 University City Boulevard, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA. Electronic address: mmunir@uncc.edu.

Funding

Improved scalability, sensitivity, and interpretability of pathogen detection, including SARS-CoV-2, in wastewater using high-throughput, highly multiplexed digital array PCR technologyU01DA053899 · NIDA · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI NOBLE, RACHEL TODD · 2021 to 2022
$1.7M
NIDA NIH HHS U01 DA053899
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The global spread of SARS-CoV-2 has continued to be a serious concern after WHO declared the virus to be the causative agent of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) a global pandemic. Monitoring of wastewater is a useful tool for assessing community prevalence given that fecal shedding of SARS-CoV-2 occurs in high concentrations by infected individuals, regardless of whether they are asymptomatic or symptomatic. Using tools that are part of wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) approach, combined with molecular analyses, wastewater monitoring becomes a key piece of information used to assess trends and quantify the scale and dynamics of COVID-19 infection in a specific community, municipality, or area of service. This study investigates a six-month long SARS-CoV-2 RNA quantification in influent wastewater from four municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) serving the Charlotte region of North Carolina (NC) using both RT-qPCR and RT-ddPCR platforms. Influent wastewater was analyzed for the nucleocapsid (N) genes N1 and N2. Both RT-qPCR and RT-ddPCR performed well for detection and quantification of SARS-CoV-2 using the N1 target, while for the N2 target RT-ddPCR was more sensitive. SARS-CoV-2 concentration ranged from 10

Indexed as

COVID-19HumansNorth CarolinaPandemicsRNA, ViralSARS-CoV-2WastewaterWastewater-Based Epidemiological MonitoringRNA, ViralWastewaterCOVID-19RT-ddPCRRT-qPCRSARS-CoV-2WastewaterWastewater-based epidemiology (WBE)

Identifiers

PMID34954186
PMCPMC8697423

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.