Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34953781›Full record

ArticleBiochimica et biophysica acta. Biomembranes2022

Exosomes are secreted at similar densities by M21 and PC3 human cancer cells and show paclitaxel solubility.

William S Fisher, Christine Tchounwou, Sophia Wei, Logan Roberts, Kai K Ewert, Cyrus R Safinya

Open access · greenAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Biochimica et biophysica acta. Biomembranes, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed
0.5field-weighted citation impact, top 37% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

William S FisherMaterials Department, Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Department, Physics Department, and Biomolecular Science and Engineering Program, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.
Christine TchounwouMaterials Department, Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Department, Physics Department, and Biomolecular Science and Engineering Program, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.
Sophia WeiMolecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.
Logan RobertsMolecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.
Kai K EwertMaterials Department, Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Department, Physics Department, and Biomolecular Science and Engineering Program, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.
Cyrus R SafinyaMaterials Department, Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Department, Physics Department, and Biomolecular Science and Engineering Program, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA. Electronic address: cyrussafinya@ucsb.edu.
University of California, Santa Barbara · US

Funding

Functionalized Lipid Carriers for Nucleic-Acid and Drug TherapeuticsR01GM130769 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SANTA BARBARA · PI SAFINYA, CYRUS R · 2018 to 2021
$1.4M
NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM130769
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Exosomes are cell-secreted vesicles less than ≈150 nm in size that contain gene-encoding and gene-silencing RNA and cytosolic proteins with roles in intercellular communication. Interest in the use of exosomes as targeted drug delivery vehicles has grown since it was shown that they can bind specific cells and deliver intact genetic material to the cytosol of target cells. We isolated extracellular vesicles (EVs), consisting of a mixture of exosomes and microvesicles, from prostate (PC3) and melanoma (M21) cancer cell lines using serial ultracentrifugation. Interrogation via western blot analysis confirmed enrichment of CD63, a widely recognized EV surface protein, in the EV pellet from both cell lines. Nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) of EV pellets revealed that the two cell lines produced distinct vesicle size profiles in the ≈30 nm to ≈400 nm range. NTA further showed that the fraction of exosomes to all EVs was constant, suggesting cellular mechanisms that control the fraction of secreted vesicles that are exosomes. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of the unmodified PC3 EVs showed vesicles with cup-like (i.e., nanocapsule) and previously unreported prolate morphologies. The observed non-spherical morphologies for dehydrated exosomal vesicles (size ≈30-100 nm) are most likely related to the dense packing of proteins in exosome membranes. Solubility phase diagram data showed that EVs enhanced the solubility of paclitaxel (PTX) in aqueous solution compared to a water-only control. Combined with their inherent targeting and cytosol delivery properties, these findings highlight the potential advantages of using exosomes as chemotherapeutic drug carriers in vivo.

Indexed as

Cell Line, TumorDrug CarriersExtracellular VesiclesHumansMaleMelanomaMicroscopy, Electron, TransmissionPaclitaxelProstatic NeoplasmsSolubilityDrug CarriersPaclitaxelDrug deliveryExosomesKinetic phase diagramLipid membraneLiposomesPaclitaxel membrane solubility

Identifiers

PMID34953781
PMCPMC8896395
OpenAlexW4200508615

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.