Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34952914›Full record

ArticleSignal transduction and targeted therapy2021

Long-term stability and protection efficacy of the RBD-targeting COVID-19 mRNA vaccine in nonhuman primates.

Hui Zhao, Tie-Cheng Wang, Xiao-Feng Li, Na-Na Zhang, Liang Li, Chao Zhou, Yong-Qiang Deng, Tian-Shu Cao, Guan Yang, Rui-Ting Li and 16 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Signal transduction and targeted therapy, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
45citing papers in PubMed
2.7field-weighted citation impact, top 8% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

45 citing papers in PubMed, 61 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
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  4. Article
  5. A new mRNA antigen vaccine induces potent B and T cell responses andbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Review
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  18. Review
  19. Article
  20. Antibody-dependent enhancement of coronaviruses.International journal of biological sciences · 2025
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

26 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.

Hui Zhao *State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 100071, Beijing, China.ORCID 0000-0003-0576-1012
Tie-Cheng Wang *Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun, 130122, China.
Xiao-Feng Li *State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 100071, Beijing, China.
Na-Na Zhang *State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 100071, Beijing, China.
Liang Li *Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun, 130122, China.
Chao Zhou *State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 100071, Beijing, China.
Yong-Qiang DengState Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 100071, Beijing, China.ORCID 0000-0002-2306-1039
Tian-Shu CaoState Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 100071, Beijing, China.
Guan YangState Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, 102206, Beijing, China.
Rui-Ting LiState Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 100071, Beijing, China.
Yi-Jiao HuangState Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 100071, Beijing, China.
Yuan-Guo LiKey Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun, 130122, China.
Yi-Ming ZhangShandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China.
Fang-Xu LiShandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China.
Yu-Ren ZhouSuzhou Abogen Biosciences, Suzhou, 215123, China.
Yu-Hang JiangSuzhou Abogen Biosciences, Suzhou, 215123, China.
Xi-Shan LuSuzhou Abogen Biosciences, Suzhou, 215123, China.
Shi-Hui SunState Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 100071, Beijing, China.
Meng-Li ChengState Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 100071, Beijing, China.
Kai-Ping GuSuzhou Abogen Biosciences, Suzhou, 215123, China.
Mei ZhangSuzhou Abogen Biosciences, Suzhou, 215123, China.
Qing-Qing MaState Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 100071, Beijing, China.
Xiao YangState Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, 102206, Beijing, China.
Bo YingSuzhou Abogen Biosciences, Suzhou, 215123, China. bo.ying@abogenbio.com.
Yu-Wei GaoKey Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun, 130122, China. yuwei0901@outlook.com.
Cheng-Feng QinState Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 100071, Beijing, China. qincf@bmi.ac.cn.ORCID 0000-0002-0632-2807
Academy of Military Medical Sciences · CNSuzhou Research Institute · CNJilin University · CNBeijing Proteome Research Center · CNShandong Normal University · CNChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College · CN

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China) 82041044
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccine technology has shown its power in preventing the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Two mRNA vaccines targeting the full-length S protein of SARS-CoV-2 have been authorized for emergency use. Recently, we have developed a lipid nanoparticle-encapsulated mRNA (mRNA-LNP) encoding the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 (termed ARCoV), which confers complete protection in mouse model. Herein, we further characterized the protection efficacy of ARCoV in nonhuman primates and the long-term stability under normal refrigerator temperature. Intramuscular immunization of two doses of ARCoV elicited robust neutralizing antibodies as well as cellular response against SARS-CoV-2 in cynomolgus macaques. More importantly, ARCoV vaccination in macaques significantly protected animals from acute lung lesions caused by SARS-CoV-2, and viral replication in lungs and secretion in nasal swabs were completely cleared in all animals immunized with low or high doses of ARCoV. No evidence of antibody-dependent enhancement of infection was observed throughout the study. Finally, extensive stability assays showed that ARCoV can be stored at 2-8 °C for at least 6 months without decrease of immunogenicity. All these promising results strongly support the ongoing clinical trial.

Indexed as

Immunogenicity, VaccineAnimalsAntibodies, NeutralizingAntibodies, ViralChlorocebus aethiopsCOVID-19COVID-19 VaccinesHumansMacaca fascicularismRNA VaccinesSARS-CoV-2Spike Glycoprotein, CoronavirusVero CellsAntibodies, NeutralizingAntibodies, ViralCOVID-19 VaccinesmRNA VaccinesSpike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus

Identifiers

PMID34952914
PMCPMC8703211
OpenAlexW4200134232

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.