ArticleBMJ open2021
Targeted Interventions in Tourette's using Advanced Neuroimaging and Stimulation (TITANS): study protocol for a double-blind, randomised controlled trial of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to the supplementary motor area in children with Tourette's syndrome.
Article in BMJ open, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03844919 (TICS), which is not on this map. Cited by 8 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
TICS: Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Intervening in Children With Tourette's Syndrome
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- A meta-analysis of transcranial magnetic stimulation in Tourette syndrome.Journal of psychiatric research · 2024Pooled it
- The Effect of Cerebellar rTMS on Modulating Motor Dysfunction in Neurological Disorders: a Systematic Review.Cerebellum (London, England) · 2023Pooled it
- Tourette syndrome.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2026Review
- Update on the Pathophysiology and Management of Tics.Current neurology and neuroscience reports · 2026Review
- Comparative efficacy and mechanistic insights of non-invasive neuromodulation and motor rehabilitation on functional reorganization of the supplementary motor area in subacute stroke: a narrative review.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Review
- Evidence-Based Behavior Therapy for Tourette Syndrome.The Psychiatric clinics of North America · 2025Review
- Transcranial magnetic stimulation to probe the role of the supplementary motor area in tics.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2025Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionTourette's syndrome (TS) affects approximately 1% of children. This study will determine the efficacy and safety of paired comprehensive behavioural intervention for tics (CBIT) plus repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) treatment in children with Tourette's syndrome. We hypothesise that CBIT and active rTMS to the supplementary motor area (SMA) will (1) decrease tic severity, and (2) be associated with changes indicative of enhanced neuroplasticity (eg, changes in in vivo metabolite concentrations and TMS neurophysiology measures). METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This study will recruit 50 youth with TS, aged 6-18 for a phase II, double-blind, block randomised, sham-controlled trial comparing active rTMS plus CBIT to sham rTMS plus CBIT in a 1:1 ratio. The CBIT protocol is eight sessions over 10 weeks, once a week for 6 weeks and then biweekly. The rTMS protocol is 20 sessions of functional MRI-guided, low-frequency (1 Hz) rTMS targeted to the bilateral SMA over 5 weeks (weeks 2-6). MRI, clinical and motor assessments and neurophysiological evaluations including motor mapping will be performed 1 week before CBIT start, 1 week after rTMS treatment and 1 week after CBIT completion. The primary outcome measure is Tourette's symptom change from baseline to post-CBIT treatment, as measured by the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale. Secondary outcomes include changes in imaging, neurophysiological and behavioural markers. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Ethical approval by the Conjoint Health Research Ethics Board (REB18-0220). The results of this study will be published in peer-reviewed scientific journals, on ClinicalTrials.gov and shared with the Tourette and OCD Alberta Network. The results will also be disseminated through the Alberta Addictions and Mental Health Research Hub.
trial registrationNCT03844919.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.