ArticleArchives of disease in childhood2022
Diet and development among children aged 36-59 months in low-income countries.
Article in Archives of disease in childhood, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Understanding modifiable caregiver factors contributing to child development among young children in rural Malawi.Maternal & child nutrition · 2024Trial
- The relationships between optimal infant feeding practices and child development and attained height at age 2 years and 6-7 years.Maternal & child nutrition · 2024Trial
- Food Poverty and Early Childhood Development Across Food Insecurity Levels in Brazil.Maternal & child nutrition · 2026Article
- Healthy Diet Metrics for Children and Adolescents and Their Suitability for Global Monitoring: A Critical Review.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2026Review
- Socioeconomic and nutritional determinants outweigh gut microbiota influence on neurodevelopment in young children from Antananarivo, Madagascar.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Characteristics of Anemia in Children Aged 6 Months to 5 Years Attending External Consultations at a Pediatric Hospital in Lisbon, Portugal.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Article
- Examining the influence of child nutritional disorders on early childhood development in Bangladesh: insights from the multiple indicator cluster survey.Public health nutrition · 2024Article
- Dietary diversity and development among early childhood children in rural China.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Association of household food insecurity with developmental delay in preschool children: 2018 Ecuadorian Nutrition and Health National Survey.Journal of nutritional science · 2023Article
- Article
- Investigating the direct and indirect associations between birth intervals and child growth and development: A cross-sectional analysis of 13 Demographic and Health Surveys.SSM - population health · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo assess the associations between diet, stimulation and development among children 36-59 months of age in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs).
designWe pooled Demographic and Health Survey data on 12 126 children aged 36-59 months from 15 LMICs. Child diet indicators included dietary diversity score (DDS, range 0-7), minimum dietary diversity (MDD, defined as DDS ≥4) and animal source foods (ASFs) consumption. Child development was assessed using the Early Childhood Development Index and stimulation by the number of stimulation activities (range 0-6). Associations were assessed using generalised linear models.
resultsIn our sample, 18% of children met MDD and 50% received ≥4 stimulation activities. The prevalence of suboptimal cognitive, socioemotional, literacy-numeracy and physical development was 24%, 32%, 87% and 11%, respectively. Higher DDS, meeting MDD and consuming ASFs were associated with 8%-13% more stimulation activities. Children who met MDD were slightly less likely to have suboptimal literacy-numeracy development compared with children who did not meet MDD: relative risk 0.97 (95% CI 0.95 to 1.00). DDS, meeting MDD and ASFs consumption were not associated with cognitive, socioemotional or physical development. However, there was evidence of positive associations between MDD and cognitive and literacy-numeracy development among subgroups of children, including those who received ≥4 stimulation activities or attended an early childhood care and education programme.
conclusionsChild diet was associated with more stimulation activities. However, independent of stimulation, socioeconomic status and other factors, child diet appeared to be a prominent determinant only of literacy-numeracy development among children 36-59 months of age.
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