Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34951973›Full record

ArticleThe Lancet. Global health2022

Impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on routine immunisation services: evidence of disruption and recovery from 170 countries and territories.

Anita Shet, Kelly Carr, M Carolina Danovaro-Holliday, Samir V Sodha, Christine Prosperi, Joshua Wunderlich, Chizoba Wonodi, Heidi W Reynolds, Imran Mirza, Marta Gacic-Dobo and 2 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in The Lancet. Global health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 215 papers, 10 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
215citing papers in PubMed, 10 pooled it
26.3field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

215 citing papers in PubMed, 10 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 287 citations in OpenAlex.

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155 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.

Anita ShetInternational Vaccine Access Center, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA. Electronic address: ashet1@jhu.edu.
Kelly CarrInternational Vaccine Access Center, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
M Carolina Danovaro-HollidayWHO, Geneva, Switzerland.
Samir V SodhaWHO, Geneva, Switzerland.
Christine ProsperiInternational Vaccine Access Center, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Joshua WunderlichGavi, the Vaccine Alliance, Geneva, Switzerland.
Chizoba WonodiInternational Vaccine Access Center, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Heidi W ReynoldsGavi, the Vaccine Alliance, Geneva, Switzerland.
Imran MirzaUNICEF, New York, NY, USA.
Marta Gacic-DoboWHO, Geneva, Switzerland.
Katherine L O'BrienWHO, Geneva, Switzerland.
Ann LindstrandWHO, Geneva, Switzerland. Electronic address: lindstranda@who.int.
World Health Organization · CHJohns Hopkins University · USGavi · CHUnited Nations Children's Fund · US

Funding

World Health Organization 001
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has revealed the vulnerability of immunisation systems worldwide, although the scale of these disruptions has not been described at a global level. This study aims to assess the impact of COVID-19 on routine immunisation using triangulated data from global, country-based, and individual-reported sources obtained during the pandemic period.

methodsThis report synthesised data from 170 countries and territories. Data sources included administered vaccine-dose data from January to December, 2019, and January to December, 2020, WHO regional office reports, and a WHO-led pulse survey administered in April, 2020, and June, 2020. Results were expressed as frequencies and proportions of respondents or reporting countries. Data on vaccine doses administered were weighted by the population of surviving infants per country.

findingsA decline in the number of administered doses of diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus-containing vaccine (DTP3) and first dose of measles-containing vaccine (MCV1) in the first half of 2020 was noted. The lowest number of vaccine doses administered was observed in April, 2020, when 33% fewer DTP3 doses were administered globally, ranging from 9% in the WHO African region to 57% in the South-East Asia region. Recovery of vaccinations began by June, 2020, and continued into late 2020. WHO regional offices reported substantial disruption to routine vaccination sessions in April, 2020, related to interrupted vaccination demand and supply, including reduced availability of the health workforce. Pulse survey analysis revealed that 45 (69%) of 65 countries showed disruption in outreach services compared with 27 (44%) of 62 countries with disrupted fixed-post immunisation services.

interpretationThe marked magnitude and global scale of immunisation disruption evokes the dangers of vaccine-preventable disease outbreaks in the future. Trends indicating partial resumption of services highlight the urgent need for ongoing assessment of recovery, catch-up vaccination strategy implementation for vulnerable populations, and ensuring vaccine coverage equity and health system resilience.

fundingUS Agency for International Development.

Indexed as

Global HealthCOVID-19HumansImmunization ProgramsPandemicsSARS-CoV-2Vaccination CoverageVaccine-Preventable DiseasesWorld Health Organization

Identifiers

PMID34951973
PMCPMC8691849
OpenAlexW4200055909

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.