ArticleInfectious diseases (London, England)2022
Antibody levels remain high to one-year's follow-up after moderate and severe COVID-19, but not after mild cases.
Article in Infectious diseases (London, England), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sero-epidemiological studies of pathogen burden: A scoping review.Wellcome open research · 2026Pooled it
- Long COVID and Biomarker Dysregulation-A Shift Toward Immune Exhaustion?Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Article
- Autoantibodies Neutralizing Type III Interferons Are Uncommon in Patients with Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pneumonia.Journal of interferon & cytokine research : the official journal of the International Society for Interferon and Cytokine Research · 2023Article
- Trend of SARS-Cov-2-Specific IgG Antibody Titers Among COVID-19 Pneumonia Patients: A Nine-Month Follow-Up.Cureus · 2023Article
- Immunoglobulins response of COVID-19 patients, COVID-19 vaccine recipients, and random individuals.PloS one · 2023Article
- SARS-CoV-2 Antinucleocapsid Antibody Response of mRNA and Inactivated Virus Vaccines Compared to Unvaccinated Individuals.Vaccines · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundUnderstanding the longevity of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 infection is of utmost importance in predicting the further course of the pandemic and to plan vaccination strategies. Here we report a cohort of COVID-19 patients with different disease severities whose antibody dynamics we evaluated during one-year of follow-up.
methodsWe conducted a longitudinal study of 123 COVID-19 patients and 45 SARS CoV-2 negative outpatients with upper respiratory tract infection. We analyzed the demographic and clinical features of the patients with COVID-19 in relation to different disease severities according to the WHO classification. The antibody response was evaluated by a Luciferase Immunoprecipitation System (LIPS) assay at 3, 6, and 12 months after the acute infection.
resultsAmongst the enrolled COVID-19 patients, 15 (12%) had mild, 42 (34%) had moderate, 39 (32%) had severe and 27 (22%) had critical disease courses; 79% of the patients were hospitalized. During follow-up, all patients had anti-SARS RBD-IgG levels above the cut-off value on all visits, but the antibody levels varied significantly between the different disease severity groups. Between the six- and 12-month follow-up visits, 41% of patients were vaccinated, which enhanced their antibody levels significantly.
conclusionOur data demonstrate sustained antibody levels at one-year after moderate and severe COVID-19 infection. Vaccination of patients with the mild disease is important to raise the antibody levels to a protective level.
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