ArticleInfection & chemotherapy2021
Reduced Susceptibility to Biocides among Enterococci from Clinical and Non-Clinical Sources.
Article in Infection & chemotherapy, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Genetic determinants of disinfectant and antibiotic resistance, and virulence factors in Enterococcus faecalis isolated from a pasteurized crab canning environment.Antonie van Leeuwenhoek · 2026Article
- Modulation of efflux pump gene expression in Enterococcus faecium by tungsten nanoparticles and multi-walled carbon nanotubes.Molecular biology reports · 2026Article
- Cationic biocide susceptibility and tolerance-associated genes in clinical, environmental, and commensal Enterococcus isolates.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Zinc oxide nanoparticles restore susceptibility to chlorhexidine and benzalkonium chloride in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from burn infections.Wiener medizinische Wochenschrift (1946) · 2026Article
- Indoor airborne dust in veterinary facilities as a reservoir of bacterial pathogens and antimicrobial resistance.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Article
- Staphylococcus aureus: Antimicrobial resistance, quorum sensing, and antibiofilm approaches.European journal of microbiology & immunology · 2025Review
- Enterococcus faecium: evolution, adaptation, pathogenesis and emerging therapeutics.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2024Review
- Virulence Factors and Susceptibility to Ciprofloxacin, Vancomycin, Triclosan, and Chlorhexidine among Enterococci from Clinical Specimens, Food, and Wastewater.Microorganisms · 2024Article
- Current insights into the effects of cationic biocides exposure onFrontiers in microbiology · 2024Review
- UnravelingMicrobiology spectrum · 2023Article
- Chlorhexidine Resistance or Cross-Resistance, That Is the Question.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Towards a Harmonized Terminology: A Glossary for Biocide Susceptibility Testing.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Review
- Urgent need for novel antibiotics in Republic of Korea to combat multidrug-resistant bacteria.The Korean journal of internal medicine · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundWide use of biocidal agents such as benzalkonium chloride (BCC) and chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX) in hospitals and non-hospital environments, has raised concerns over the emergence of non-susceptible strains. Efflux pumps are of known main mechanisms in biocide tolerance which have been rarely addressed in enterococci - members of gut microbiota which can cause serious problems particularly in hospitalized patients. The purpose of this study was to investigate the susceptibility of enterococci from different sources (clinical and fecal isolates) toward BCC and CHX, and its correlation with efflux associated genes. Also, possible link between biocide tolerance and antibiotic resistance was examined. MATERIALS AND
methodsOne hundred and four enterococcus isolates including clinical (n = 54) and fecal isolates (n = 50) were studied for susceptibility toward BCC, CHX, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin and vancomycin. Twelve efflux associated genes were investigated by polymerase chain reaction assay.
resultsIn clinical isolates, reduced susceptibility to CHX and resistance to gentamicin and ciprofloxacin were significantly higher than fecal isolates. Vancomycin resistance was associated with increasing minimum inhibitory concentration of CHX. Among all investigated genes, only three ones,
conclusionAs expected, reduced susceptibility to CHX, was significantly higher in clinical isolates. However, the presence of a vancomycin-resistant enterococci among fecal isolates of healthy people which showed resistance/tolerance to studied antimicrobial agents, was unexpected and highlights the need to investigate other non-hospital environments to avoid dissemination of antimicrobial resistance. Correlation between reduced susceptibility to CHX and high level resistance to gentamicin, substantiates monitoring of biocide tolerance particularly in the healthcare settings to control the establishment of antimicrobial resistant strains.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.