ArticleBMJ open2021
Inequalities in excess premature mortality in England during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional analysis of cumulative excess mortality by area deprivation and ethnicity.
Article in BMJ open, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Socio-Demographic Inequalities in COVID-19 Health Care Access and Experiences in the United Kingdom: Intersectional and Mixed-Methods Analyses of Open and Closed Questions in a Prospective Cohort Study.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2026Article
- Inequality in mortality according to regional deprivation during the COVID-19 pandemic.Epidemiology and health · 2025Article
- Difficulties experienced by dentists and orthodontists regarding ethical issues when announcing the diagnosis of a rare oral disease: a qualitative study in Marseille, France.European archives of paediatric dentistry : official journal of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry · 2024Article
- Regional variation of COVID-19 admissions, acute kidney injury and mortality in England - a national observational study using administrative data.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Observational
- Has COVID-19 increased inequality in mortality by income in the Netherlands?Journal of epidemiology and community health · 2023Article
- Socioeconomic inequalities in cancer mortality between and within countries in Europe: a population-based study.The Lancet regional health. Europe · 2023Article
- Has the COVID-19 pandemic influenced suicide rates differentially according to socioeconomic indices and ethnicity? More evidence is needed globally.Epidemiology and psychiatric sciences · 2022Article
- Aggressive measures, rising inequalities, and mass formation during the COVID-19 crisis: An overview and proposed way forward.Frontiers in public health · 2022Review
- Lessons from experiences of accessing healthcare during the pandemic for remobilizing rheumatology services: a national mixed methods study.Rheumatology advances in practice · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesTo examine magnitude of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on inequalities in premature mortality in England by deprivation and ethnicity.
designA statistical model to estimate increased mortality in population subgroups during the COVID-19 pandemic by comparing observed with expected mortality in each group based on trends over the previous 5 years.
settingInformation on deaths registered in England since 2015 was used, including age, sex, area of residence and cause of death. Ethnicity was obtained from Hospital Episode Statistics records linked to death data.
participantsPopulation study of England, including all 569 824 deaths from all causes registered between 21 March 2020 and 26 February 2021.
main outcome measuresExcess mortality in each subgroup over and above the number expected based on trends in mortality in that group over the previous 5 years.
resultsThe gradient in excess mortality by area deprivation was greater in the under 75s (the most deprived areas had 1.25 times as many deaths as expected, least deprived 1.14) than in all ages (most deprived had 1.24 times as many deaths as expected, least deprived 1.20). Among the black and Asian groups, all area deprivation quintiles had significantly larger excesses than white groups in the most deprived quintiles and there were no clear gradients across quintiles. Among the white group, only those in the most deprived quintile had more excess deaths than deaths directly involving COVID-19.
conclusionThe COVID-19 pandemic has widened inequalities in premature mortality by area deprivation. Among those under 75, the direct and indirect effects of the pandemic on deaths have disproportionately impacted ethnic minority groups irrespective of area deprivation, and the white group the most deprived areas. Statistics limited to deaths directly involving COVID-19 understate the pandemic's impact on inequalities by area deprivation and ethnic group at younger ages.
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