Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34949433›Full record

ReviewJACC. Clinical electrophysiology2021

Living Anatomy of the Pericardial Space: A Guide for Imaging and Interventions.

Shumpei Mori, Jason S Bradfield, Warwick J Peacock, Robert H Anderson, Kalyanam Shivkumar

Open access · greenAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in JACC. Clinical electrophysiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
11citing papers in PubMed
1.4field-weighted citation impact, top 17% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

11 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Perioperative and Surgical Management of Constrictive Pericarditis.Methodist DeBakey cardiovascular journal · 2026
    Review
  5. Epicardial ventricular arrhythmia ablation: a clinical consensus statement of the European Heart Rhythm Association of the European Society of Cardiology and the Heart Rhythm Society, the Asian Pacific Heart Rhythm Society, the Latin American Heart Rhythm Society, and the Canadian Heart Rhythm Society.Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology · 2025
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Cardiac tamponade.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2023
    Review
  10. Article
  11. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Shumpei MoriUCLA Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, UCLA Health System, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA; UCLA Cardiovascular Interventional Programs, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA & UCLA Health System, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Jason S BradfieldUCLA Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, UCLA Health System, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA; UCLA Cardiovascular Interventional Programs, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA & UCLA Health System, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Warwick J PeacockDepartment of Surgery, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Robert H AndersonInstitute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom.
Kalyanam ShivkumarUCLA Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, UCLA Health System, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA; UCLA Cardiovascular Interventional Programs, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA & UCLA Health System, Los Angeles, California, USA. Electronic address: kshivkumar@mednet.ucla.edu.
UCLA Health · USNewcastle University · GB

Funding

Comprehensive Structural and Functional Mapping of the Mammalian Cardiac Nervous SystemOT2OD023848 · OD · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI EFIMOV, IGOR R, FOWLKES, CHARLESS · 2016 to 2021
$21.4M
NIH HHS OT2 OD023848
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The pericardium of the human heart has received increased attention in recent times due to interest in the epicardial approach for cardiac interventions to treat cardiac arrhythmias refractory to conventional endocardial approaches. To support further clinical application of this technique, it is fundamental to appreciate the living anatomy of the pericardial space, as well as its relationships to the surrounding structures. The anatomy of the pericardial space, however, is extremely difficult regions to visualize. This is due to its complex 3-dimensionality, and the "potential" nature of the space, which becomes obvious only when there is collection of pericardial fluid. This potential space, which is bounded by the epicardium and pericardium, can now be visualized by special techniques as we now report, permitting appreciation of its living morphology. Current sources of knowledge are limited to the dissection images, surgical images, and/or illustrations, which are not necessarily precise or sufficient to provide relevant comprehensive anatomical knowledge to those undertaking the epicardial approach. The authors demonstrate, for the first time to their knowledge, the 3-dimensional living anatomy of the pericardial space relative to its surrounding structures. They also provide correlative anatomy of the left sternocostal triangle as a common site for subxiphoid access. The authors anticipate their report serving as a tool for education of imaging and interventional specialists.

Indexed as

PericardiumThoraxHumanscardiac anatomycomputed tomographypericardial recesspericardial sinuspericardial space

Identifiers

PMID34949433
PMCPMC8712969
OpenAlexW3215951962

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.