ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2021
Effort-Reward Imbalance at Work and Drug Misuse: Evidence from a National Survey in the U.S.
Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effort-reward imbalance at work and health: Review and critical appraisal of three decades of research.Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health · 2026Review
- Cross-sectional analysis of cannabis use at work in the USA: differences by occupational risk level and state-level cannabis laws.BMJ public health · 2025Article
- Effort-Reward Imbalance Among Emergency Department Nurses in China: Construction and Evaluation of a Nomogram Predictive Model.Journal of nursing management · 2025Article
- Risk of opioid-related harms by occupation within a large cohort of formerly injured workers in Ontario, Canada: findings from the Occupational Disease Surveillance System.Occupational and environmental medicine · 2024Article
- Longitudinal associations of effort and reward at work with changes in cognitive function: evidence from a national study of U.S. workers.International archives of occupational and environmental health · 2024Article
- Prospective Association of High Effort and Low Reward Imbalance at Work with Risk of Diabetes: A Cohort Study in US Workers.International journal of behavioral medicine · 2024Article
- Burnout in mental health services in Ireland during the COVID-19 pandemic.BJPsych open · 2023Article
- Associations of COVID-19 Related Work Stressors with Psychological Distress: Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Californian Workers.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Adulthood Psychosocial Disadvantages and Risk of Hypertension in U.S. Workers: Effect Modification by Adverse Childhood Experiences.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Effort-Reward Imbalance at Work and Prescription Drug Misuse-Prospective Evidence from Germany.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
With the rise of drug misuse among workers in recent years, preliminary research on potential risk factors in the workplace of single-type of drug misuse has been reported. This is the first study to examine cross-sectional associations of work stress, in terms of effort-reward imbalance, with multiple drug misuse (including any drug misuse, opioid misuse, sedatives misuse, cannabis misuse, and other drug misuse) during the past 12 months in a national sample of U.S. workers. Data of 2211 workers were derived from the nationally representative and population-based Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study. Internal consistency reliability and factorial validity of a 17-item effort-reward imbalance measure were robust and satisfactory. After adjustment for relevant covariates, logistic regression analyses showed that workers experiencing effort-reward imbalance at work had significantly higher odds of any drug misuse (OR and 95% CI = 1.18 (1.03, 1.37)), especially opioid misuse (OR and 95% CI = 1.35 (1.07, 1.69)) and other drug misuse (OR and 95% CI = 1.36 (1.01, 1.83)). The findings suggest that a stressful work environment may act as a determinant of drug misuse, and further prospective evidence is needed.
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Registered trials
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