Trial reportInternational journal of environmental research and public health2021
Breastmilk as a Multisensory Intervention for Relieving Pain during Newborn Screening Procedures: A Randomized Control Trial.
Trial report in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 3 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 12 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Effect of Swaddling and Inhaling Breast Milk Odour on the Pain and Comfort During the Placement of Peripheral Intravenous Catheter in Term Infants
The Effect of Mother's Smell and Breast Milk Smell on Pain and Crying Time During Heel Blood Collection in Newborns
Olfactory Memory in Infants With Signs of Asphyxia: An Early Indicator of Neurodevelopmental Outcomes
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neonatal pain assessment and non-pharmacological analgesia: an integrative literature review.Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2026Pooled it
- Assessment of cortisol as a neonatal pain biomarker in the application of non-pharmacological analgesia therapies: systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC pediatrics · 2025Pooled it
- The effect of breast milk odor on infant pain and stress levels: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC pediatrics · 2025Pooled it
- A Bayesian network meta-analysis of non-pharmacological interventions for neonatal pain management: a clinical effectiveness comparison.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Pooled it
- Breastfeeding or breast milk for procedural pain in neonates.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Non-pharmacological management of infant and young child procedural pain.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Effect of Non-Pharmacological Methods in the Reduction of Neonatal Pain: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Pooled it
- Comparison of different methods for reducing pain during a heel lance in newborns: a randomized trial.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2025Trial
- Effectiveness of Sucrose Versus Breast Milk as Non-Pharmacological Measures in the Management of Neonatal Pain: A Systematic Review.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Olfactory testing in infants with perinatal asphyxia: Enhancing encephalopathy risk stratification for future health outcomes.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2025Review
- Neonatal Pain Management: Is There An Endocrinal Response?Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets · 2025Review
- Is Our Newborn Screening Working Well? A Literature Review of Quality Requirements for Newborn Blood Spot Screening (NBS) Infrastructure and Procedures.International journal of neonatal screening · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The study aim was to explore the effects of multisensory breastmilk interventions on short-term pain of infants during newborn screening. This is a randomized controlled trial. A total of 120 newborns were recruited and assigned by randomization to one of three treatment conditions: Condition 1 = routine care (gentle touch + verbal comfort); Condition 2 = breastmilk odor + routine care; or Condition 3 = breastmilk odor + taste + routine care. Pain was scored with the Neonatal Infant Pain Scale (NIPS). Data were collected from video recordings at 1 min intervals over the 11 phases of heel sticks: phase 1, 5 min before heel stick without stimuli (baseline); phase 2 to phase 6 (during heel stick); and phase 7 to phase 11 (recovery). Generalized estimating equations compared differences in pain scores for newborns over phases among the three conditions. Compared with the routine care, provision of the odor and taste of breastmilk reduce NIPS scores during heel sticks (B = -4.36, SE = 0.45,
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.