ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2021
B Cells in Primary Membranous Nephropathy: Escape from Immune Tolerance and Implications for Patient Management.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy and safety of telitacicept for rituximab-refractory membranous nephropathy.International urology and nephrology · 2026Article
- Emerging Immune Cell Biomarkers in Primary Membranous Nephropathy: Immune Cell Profiling During Anti-CD20 B Cell-Targeted Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Exploring causality between peripheral blood B cell subtypes and membranous nephropathy: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study.Archives of medical science : AMS · 2026Article
- Combination of B-cell-guided rituximab and low-dose tacrolimus for primary membranous nephropathy: a retrospective cohort study.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Shared Inflammatory Gene Programs between Immune Thrombocytopenia and CKD-Related Autoimmune Nephropathies: An Exploratory Transcriptomic and Bioinformatic Study.Balkan journal of medical genetics : BJMG · 2025Article
- Immune Checkpoint Signatures in Minimal Change Disease and Membranous Nephropathy: Divergent Pathways of a Shared Imbalance.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Molecular markers or clinical end points? What is the optimal monitoring tool for low-dose rituximab in membranous nephropathy in resource-limited settings?Journal of nephrology · 2025Review
- Association between immune cell subtypes and membranous nephropathy: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study.Medicine · 2025Article
- Exploring the potential of Buzhong Yiqi decoction in the treatment of membranous nephropathy: a comprehensive study combining bioinformatics, network pharmacology, and experimental validation.American journal of translational research · 2025Article
- The role of B lymphocyte subsets in nephrotic syndrome: functions, mechanisms, clinical significance and future perspectives.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Integrative profiling of untreated primary membranous nephropathy at the single-cell transcriptome level.Clinical kidney journal · 2024Article
- Membranous nephropathy: pathogenesis and treatments.MedComm · 2024Review
- Imbalance of T follicular helper cell subsets trigger the differentiation of pathogenic B cells in idiopathic membranous nephropathy.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2024Article
- Different Dosage Regimens of Rituximab in Primary Membranous Nephropathy Treatment: A Systematic Review.International journal of nephrology and renovascular disease · 2024Review
- Molecular characteristics of circulating B cells and kidney cells at the single-cell level in special types of primary membranous nephropathy.Clinical kidney journal · 2023Article
- Identification of biomarkers for the diagnosis of chronic kidney disease (CKD) with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by bioinformatics analysis and machine learning.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Membranous nephropathy (MN) is an important cause of nephrotic syndrome and chronic kidney disease (CKD) in adults. The pathogenic significance of B cells in MN is increasingly recognized, especially following the discovery of various autoantibodies that target specific podocytic antigens and the promising treatment responses seen with B cell depleting therapies. The presence of autoreactive B cells and autoantibodies that bind to antigens on podocyte surfaces are characteristic features of MN, and are the result of breaches in central and peripheral tolerance of B lymphocytes. These perturbations in B cell tolerance include altered B lymphocyte subsets, dysregulation of genes that govern immunoglobulin production, aberrant somatic hypermutation and co-stimulatory signalling, abnormal expression of B cell-related cytokines, and increased B cell infiltrates and organized tertiary lymphoid structures within the kidneys. An understanding of the role of B cell tolerance and homeostasis may have important implications for patient management in MN, as conventional immunosuppressive treatments and novel B cell-targeted therapies show distinct effects on proliferation, differentiation and reconstitution in different B cell subsets. Circulating B lymphocytes and related cytokines may serve as potential biomarkers for treatment selection, monitoring of therapeutic response and prediction of disease relapse. These recent advances in the understanding of B cell tolerance in MN have provided greater insight into its immunopathogenesis and potential novel strategies for disease monitoring and treatment.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.