ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2021
The Progress of Intestinal Epithelial Models from Cell Lines to Gut-On-Chip.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 53 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
53 citing papers in PubMed.
- Plant-Derived Foods and Medicines as Modulators of the Gut Microbiome: Molecular Interactions and Implications for Disease and Therapy.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- From diet to function: using synthetic microbial communities to map gut microbial interactions.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2026Review
- Insulin resistance, inflammation, oxidative stress and dysregulated WNT/β-Catenin signaling in polycystic ovary syndrome: A review.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- Integrating Human Intestinal Organoids into FDA's New Approach Methodologies for Drug Discovery.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Comparison of 2D, 3DBioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- The application of experimental models for the drug discovery for digestive tumors.Molecular cancer · 2026Review
- Manganese oxide nanozyme-loaded CO-releasing halloysite nanotubes for remodeling colonic immune, microbiota, and intestinal barrier homeostasis with concurrent pain relief in ulcerative colitis.Bioactive materials · 2026Article
- Exploring microorganism-host interactions: Emerging organoid models and analytical approaches.mLife · 2026Review
- Local Peritoneal Cytokine Response IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α in a Standardized Neonatal Rat Model of Necrotizing Enterocolitis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Alternatives to animal models in gastroenterology and hepatology research.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Host transcriptional responses to gut microbiome variation arising from urbanism.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Cytokine-Induced Barrier Dysfunction and Lipid Signaling in a Gut-On-Chip Model.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2025Article
- Organ-on-chip platforms for nanoparticle toxicity and efficacy assessment: Advancing beyond traditional in vitro and in vivo models.Materials today. Bio · 2025Review
- Gastrointestinal tract, its pathophysiology andWorld journal of gastroenterology · 2025Review
- Porcine intestinal organoids cultured in an organ-on-a-chip microphysiological system.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2025Article
- Molecular and phenotypic characterization of 5-FU resistant colorectal cancer cells: toward enrichment of cancer stem cells.Cancer cell international · 2025Article
- Comparative analysis of Caco-2 cells and human jejunal and duodenal enteroid-derived cells in gel- and membrane-based barrier models of intestinal permeability.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2025Article
- How to Study the Mechanobiology of Intestinal Epithelial Organoids? A Review of Culture Supports, Imaging Techniques, and Analysis Methods.Biology of the cell · 2025Review
- Model systems to study tumor-microbiome interactions in early-onset colorectal cancer.EMBO molecular medicine · 2025Review
- Biofabricated 3D Intestinal Models as an Alternative to Animal-Based Approaches for Drug Toxicity Assays.Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Over the past years, several preclinical in vitro and ex vivo models have been developed that helped to understand some of the critical aspects of intestinal functions in health and disease such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, the translation to the human in vivo situation remains problematic. The main reason for this is that these approaches fail to fully reflect the multifactorial and complex in vivo environment (e.g., including microbiota, nutrition, and immune response) in the gut system. Although conventional models such as cell lines, Ussing chamber, and the everted sac are still used, increasingly more sophisticated intestinal models have been developed over the past years including organoids, InTESTine™ and microfluidic gut-on-chip. In this review, we gathered the most recent insights on the setup, advantages, limitations, and future perspectives of most frequently used in vitro and ex vivo models to study intestinal physiology and functions in health and disease.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.