ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2021
Immune Regulatory Processes of the Tumor Microenvironment under Malignant Conditions.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 72 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
72 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 111 citations in OpenAlex.
- TIR domain proteins: regulatory mechanisms in the tumor immune microenvironment, clinical translation strategies, and prospects for precision therapy applications.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Tamoxifen-pretreated MSC exosomes promote endocrine resistance in ER-positive breast cancer cells through the miR-137/Serpina3 axis: a mechanistic study.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2026Article
- Exploring the molecular function of LYPD3 from pan-cancer to lung cancer: based on bioinformatics and cellular experiments.Mammalian genome : official journal of the International Mammalian Genome Society · 2026Article
- Does immunotherapy hold great promise in endometrial cancer care?Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Beyond survival: psychoneuroimmunology-driven cancer psychological rehabilitation-a paradigm shift from symptom management to biobehavioral remodeling.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Beyond Structure: The Dynamic Role of the Extracellular Matrix Components in Immune Evasion.Cancer communications (London, England) · 2026Review
- Analysis of the heterogeneity of the immune microenvironment of bone metastases and new strategies of nanotechnology intervention.Oncology reviews · 2026Review
- Monocyte to apolipoprotein A1 ratio as a novel biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma: a retrospective study.Translational gastroenterology and hepatology · 2026Article
- Uncovering the prognostic implications and immunological roles of transmembrane protein 208 in bladder cancer by multi omics analysis and experimental verification.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Reduced GATA3 expression associates with immuno-metabolic alterations and aggressive features in breast cancer.The journal of pathology. Clinical research · 2025Article
- Serum from patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma remodels the tumor immune escape ecological niche by promoting regulatory T‑cell differentiation and T‑cell exhaustion.Oncology reports · 2025Article
- Comprehensive pan-cancer analysis of KRT6A as a prognostic and immune biomarker.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Chemokine Receptor Profiles as Predictors of Survival and Early Progression in Follicular Lymphoma.EJHaem · 2025Article
- Impact of propofol on gastrointestinal cancer outcomes: A review of cellular behavior, growth, and metastasis.World journal of clinical oncology · 2025Review
- Single-cell and bulk RNA analysis identifies EMT-associated CAF signatures and prognostic model in lung adenocarcinoma.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- Tumor microenvironment and immunotherapy: from bench to bedside.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2025Review
- Annexin A1-FPR1 Interaction in dendritic cells promotes immune microenvironment modulation in Thyroid Cancer.Cell biology and toxicology · 2025Article
- LINC00704 boosts the immunologic escape of colorectal cancer cells by upregulating TLR4 by binding with miR- 203a- 3p.European journal of medical research · 2025Article
- Prognostic and immunological implications of protein kinases in gastric cancer: a focus on hub gene ABL2 and its impact on the polarization of M2 macrophages.Biology direct · 2025Article
- Identification and validation of a CD4BMC gastroenterology · 2025Article
12 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a critical regulator of tumor growth, progression, and metastasis. Since immune cells represent a large fraction of the TME, they play a key role in mediating pro- and anti-tumor immune responses. Immune escape, which suppresses anti-tumor immunity, enables tumor cells to maintain their proliferation and growth. Numerous mechanisms, which have been intensively studied in recent years, are involved in this process and based on these findings, novel immunotherapies have been successfully developed. Here, we review the composition of the TME and the mechanisms by which immune evasive processes are regulated. In detail, we describe membrane-bound and soluble factors, their regulation, and their impact on immune cell activation in the TME. Furthermore, we give an overview of the tumor/antigen presentation and how it is influenced under malignant conditions. Finally, we summarize novel TME-targeting agents, which are already in clinical trials for different tumor entities.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.