ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2021
Two Opposing Functions of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) That Links Hypertension, Dementia, and Aging.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Direct Vascular Effects of Angiotensin II (A Systematic Short Review).International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Pooled it
- Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Meta-Analysis of the Frequency of ACE I/D Polymorphisms in Centenarians and Other Long-Lived Individuals.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Pooled it
- Identification of Susceptibility Genes for Hypertension in the Dong Ethnic Population of Tongdao.Biochemical genetics · 2026Article
- A comparison of drugs targeting the renin-angiotensin system and global cognition in aging.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2025Article
- Review
- Uncovering Proteins Commonly Expressed Between Heart Failure and Dementia Using Bioinformatic Tools.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Article
- Ramipril and ketogenic diet response in cognitive dysfunction of insulin-resistant rats.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Biology of Healthy Aging: Biological Hallmarks of Stress Resistance Related and Unrelated to Longevity in Humans.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Bioactive Properties of Enzymatic Gelatin Hydrolysates Based on In Silico, In Vitro, and In Vivo Studies.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Epigenetic Regulation of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System in Hypertension.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- A Comprehensive Review on Potential Molecular Drug Targets for the Management of Alzheimer's Disease.Central nervous system agents in medicinal chemistry · 2024Review
- In Silico Interactions of Natural and Synthetic Compounds with Key Proteins Involved in Alzheimer's Disease: Prospects for Designing New Therapeutics Compound.Neurotoxicity research · 2023Article
- [Inhibitor of growth protein-2 silencing alleviates angiotensin Ⅱ-induced cardiac remodeling in mice by reducing p53 acetylation].Nan fang yi ke da xue xue bao = Journal of Southern Medical University · 2023Article
- Centrally acting ACE inhibitor (cACEi) and angiotensin receptor blocker (cARB) use and cognitive dysfunction in patients with SLE.Lupus science & medicine · 2023Article
- Genetic Networks of Alzheimer's Disease, Aging, and Longevity in Humans.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Antioxidant, enzymes inhibitory, physicochemical and sensory properties of instant bio-yoghurts containing multi-purpose natural additives.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Article
- Alu Deletions inInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Cryo-EM reveals mechanisms of angiotensin I-converting enzyme allostery and dimerization.The EMBO journal · 2022Article
- Biological and disease hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease defined by Alzheimer's disease genes.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2022Article
- Control of aging by the renin-angiotensin system: a review ofFrontiers in pharmacology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
A 2018 report from the American Heart Association shows that over 103 million American adults have hypertension. The angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) (EC 3.4.15.1) is a dipeptidyl carboxylase that, when inhibited, can reduce blood pressure through the renin-angiotensin system. ACE inhibitors are used as a first-line medication to be prescribed to treat hypertension, chronic kidney disease, and heart failure, among others. It has been suggested that ACE inhibitors can alleviate the symptoms in mouse models. Despite the benefits of ACE inhibitors, previous studies also have suggested that genetic variants of the ACE gene are risk factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurological diseases, while other variants are associated with reduced risk of AD. In mice, ACE overexpression in the brain reduces symptoms of the AD model systems. Thus, we find two opposing effects of ACE on health. To clarify the effects, we dissect the functions of ACE as follows: (1) angiotensin-converting enzyme that hydrolyzes angiotensin I to make angiotensin II in the renin-angiotensin system; (2) amyloid-degrading enzyme that hydrolyzes beta-amyloid, reducing amyloid toxicity. The efficacy of the ACE inhibitors is well established in humans, while the knowledge specific to AD remains to be open for further research. We provide an overview of ACE and inhibitors that link a wide variety of age-related comorbidities from hypertension to AD to aging. ACE also serves as an example of the middle-life crisis theory that assumes deleterious events during midlife, leading to age-related later events.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.