Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34947136›Full record

ReviewMaterials (Basel, Switzerland)2021

Development and Characterization of Nanoemulsions for Ophthalmic Applications: Role of Cationic Surfactants.

Ana R Fernandes, Elena Sanchez-Lopez, Tiago Dos Santos, Maria L Garcia, Amelia M Silva, Eliana B Souto

Open access · goldAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Materials (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
19citing papers in PubMed
3.2field-weighted citation impact, top 7% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

19 citing papers in PubMed, 56 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Advances in nanotechnology applied to natural products.Beilstein journal of nanotechnology · 2026
    Article
  4. Review
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Nanoemulsions in Skin Cancer Therapy: A Promising Frontier.Current pharmaceutical biotechnology · 2025
    Review
  10. Review
  11. Review
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Therapeutic Approaches for Age-Related Macular Degeneration.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022
    Review
  17. Article
  18. Review
  19. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.

Ana R FernandesInstitute for Research & Innovation in Health, University of Porto, R. Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.ORCID 0000-0002-8787-7854
Elena Sanchez-LopezDepartment of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.ORCID 0000-0003-2571-108X
Tiago Dos SantosInstitute for Research & Innovation in Health, University of Porto, R. Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
Maria L GarciaDepartment of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
Amelia M SilvaCentre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal.ORCID 0000-0002-7524-9914
Eliana B SoutoCentre of Biological Engineering, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.ORCID 0000-0002-9737-6017
Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia de la Universitat de BarcelonaUniversity of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro · PTUniversidade do Porto · PTUniversity of Minho · PT

Funding

Portuguese Science and Technology Foundation (FCT) from the Ministry of Science and Technology (MCTES), European Social Fund (FSE) of the EU, for the scholarship SFRH/BD/130555/2017 granted to A. R. Fernandes, and for the projects UIDB/04469/2020 (CEB str SFRH/BD/130555/2017, UIDB/04469/2020 (CEB strategic fund) and UIDB/04033/2020 (CITAB)
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The eye is a very complex organ comprising several physiological and physical barriers that compromise drug absorption into deeper layers. Nanoemulsions are promising delivery systems to be used in ocular drug delivery due to their innumerous advantages, such as high retention time onto the site of application and the modified release profile of loaded drugs, thereby contributing to increasing the bioavailability of drugs for the treatment of eye diseases, in particular those affecting the posterior segment. In this review, we address the main factors that govern the development of a suitable nanoemulsion formulation for eye administration to increase the patient's compliance to the treatment. Appropriate lipid composition and type of surfactants (with a special emphasis on cationic compounds) are discussed, together with manufacturing techniques and characterization methods that are instrumental for the development of appropriate ophthalmic nanoemulsions.

Indexed as

cationic surfactantsnanoemulsionsocular barriersocular delivery

Identifiers

PMID34947136
PMCPMC8706710
OpenAlexW4200075592

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.