ReviewJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland)2021
A Visual and Comprehensive Review on COVID-19-Associated Pulmonary Aspergillosis (CAPA).
Review in Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 53 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
53 citing papers in PubMed, 96 citations in OpenAlex.
- Challenges and opportunities in the management of severe pneumonia. Key concepts from the Seventh Annual Meeting of Spanish Experts 2025.Revista espanola de quimioterapia : publicacion oficial de la Sociedad Espanola de Quimioterapia · 2026Review
- Biomarkers in the Diagnosis of Aspergillosis.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Article
- Amphotericin B promotes respiratory viral entry by enhancing late endosomal maturation and fusion via glucocerebrosidase-mediated ceramide remodeling.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Biomarkers in Invasive Pulmonary Fungal Infections: Where Do We Stand?Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Detection ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- The Molecular Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases with a Focus on PCR.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Emerging Risk Factors for Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis: A Narrative Review.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Article
- High mortality and mechanical ventilation in COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis: insights from a two-center retrospective cohort study.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Dealing with mold infestation in hospitals and medical practices.GMS hygiene and infection control · 2025Article
- Clinical Characteristics, Prognosis, and Risk Factors for Mortality in Influenza-Associated Pulmonary Aspergillosis and COVID-19-Associated Pulmonary Aspergillosis: A Multicenter Retrospective Study.Infection and drug resistance · 2025Article
- Profiling Bacteria in the Lungs of Patients with Severe Influenza Versus COVID-19 with or without Aspergillosis.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2024Article
- Highlights from the Respiratory Failure and Mechanical Ventilation Conference 2024.Breathe (Sheffield, England) · 2024Article
- Navigating Uncertainty: Managing Influenza-Associated Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis in an Intensive Care Unit.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- High-Dose Corticosteroid Use in Severe to Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19: A Nationwide Population-Based Matched Cohort Study.Journal of Korean medical science · 2024Article
- Fungal coinfection/superinfection in COVID-19 patients in a tertiary hospital in MexicoBiomedica : revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud · 2024Article
- Factors affecting mortality in COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis: An international ID-IRI study.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Consensus for antifungal stewardship in China (2024 edition).Journal of thoracic disease · 2024Review
- Compare the efficacy of antifungal agents as primary therapy for invasive aspergillosis: a network meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19)-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) is a severe fungal infection complicating critically ill COVID-19 patients. Numerous retrospective and prospective studies have been performed to get a better grasp on this lethal co-infection. We performed a qualitative review and summarized data from 48 studies in which 7047 patients had been included, of whom 820 had CAPA. The pooled incidence of proven, probable or putative CAPA was 15.1% among 2953 ICU-admitted COVID-19 patients included in 18 prospective studies. Incidences showed great variability due to multiple factors such as discrepancies in the rate and depth of the fungal work-up. The pathophysiology and risk factors for CAPA are ill-defined, but therapy with corticosteroids and anti-interleukin-6 therapy potentially confer the biggest risk. Sampling for mycological work-up using bronchoscopy is the cornerstone for diagnosis, as imaging is often aspecific. CAPA is associated with an increased mortality, but we do not have conclusive data whether therapy contributes to an increased survival in these patients. We conclude our review with a comparison between influenza-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (IAPA) and CAPA.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.