ArticleGenes2021
The FORCE Panel: An All-in-One SNP Marker Set for Confirming Investigative Genetic Genealogy Leads and for General Forensic Applications.
Article in Genes, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers.
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Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 96 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evaluation of bone preparation approaches using length-based analysis and targeted sequencing for forensic human identification of historic skeletal remains.Journal of forensic sciences · 2026Article
- Toward minimal SNP sets for record-matching with CODIS STR profiles.European journal of human genetics : EJHG · 2026Article
- Exploring imputation performance of phenotype-associated SNPs for forensic prediction models.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Artificial intelligence enables scale, consistency, and rigor in forensic identity inference.Croatian medical journal · 2026Review
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- Rootless hair as a reliable source of forensic genetic information.Genome biology · 2026Article
- Forensic genetics in the omics era.Nature reviews. Genetics · 2026Review
- Comparative assessment of SNP genotyping assays for challenging forensic samples utilizing ancient DNA methods.Genome biology · 2025Article
- Legitimacy of investigative forensic genetic genealogy under Art. 8 ECHR.Forensic science international. Synergy · 2025Article
- Genealogically bewildered individuals and forensic identification: a review of current and emerging solutions.International journal of legal medicine · 2025Review
- DNA forensics at forty: the way forward.International journal of legal medicine · 2025Review
- Evaluation of the ForenSeq® Kintelligence Kit and the FORensic Capture Enrichment Panel for Unidentified and Missing Persons Casework.International journal of legal medicine · 2025Article
- UYSD: a novel data repository accessible via public website for worldwide population frequencies of Y-SNP haplogroups.European journal of human genetics : EJHG · 2025Article
- Implementation of NGS and SNP microarrays in routine forensic practice: opportunities and barriers.BMC genomics · 2025Review
- Past, Present and Future Perspectives of Forensic Genetics.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Benchmarking for genotyping and imputation using degraded DNA for forensic applications across diverse populations.Forensic science international. Genetics · 2025Article
- Article
- Optimization of computational ancestry inference for use in cancer cell lines.Biology methods & protocols · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The FORensic Capture Enrichment (FORCE) panel is an all-in-one SNP panel for forensic applications. This panel of 5422 markers encompasses common, forensically relevant SNPs (identity, ancestry, phenotype, X- and Y-chromosomal SNPs), a novel set of 3931 autosomal SNPs for extended kinship analysis, and no clinically relevant/disease markers. The FORCE panel was developed as a custom hybridization capture assay utilizing ~20,000 baits to target the selected SNPs. Five non-probative, previously identified World War II (WWII) cases were used to assess the kinship panel. Each case included one bone sample and associated family reference DNA samples. Additionally, seven reference quality samples, two 200-year-old bone samples, and four control DNAs were processed for kit performance and concordance assessments. SNP recovery after capture resulted in a mean of ~99% SNPs exceeding 10X coverage for reference and control samples, and 44.4% SNPs for bone samples. The WWII case results showed that the FORCE panel could predict first to fifth degree relationships with strong statistical support (likelihood ratios over 10,000 and posterior probabilities over 99.99%). To conclude, SNPs will be important for further advances in forensic DNA analysis. The FORCE panel shows promising results and demonstrates the utility of a 5000 SNP panel for forensic applications.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.