Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34946448›Full record

ArticleHealthcare (Basel, Switzerland)2021

Challenges and Innovations Brought about by the COVID-19 Pandemic Regarding Medical and Pharmacy Education Especially in Africa and Implications for the Future.

Ayukafangha Etando, Adefolarin A Amu, Mainul Haque, Natalie Schellack, Amanj Kurdi, Alian A Alrasheedy, Angela Timoney, Julius C Mwita, Godfrey Mutashambara Rwegerera, Okwen Patrick and 31 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
29citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

29 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Exploring the pharmacy students' perspectives on off-campus online learning experiences amid COVID-19 crises: A cross-sectional survey.Saudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society · 2023
    Article
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Review
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

41 authors.

Ayukafangha EtandoDepartment of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Eswatini Medical Christian University, P.O. Box A624, Swazi Plaza, Mbabane H100, Eswatini.ORCID 0000-0001-5678-4121
Adefolarin A AmuDepartment of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Eswatini Medical Christian University, P.O. Box A624, Swazi Plaza, Mbabane H100, Eswatini.
Mainul HaqueUnit of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Defence Health, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia (National Defence University of Malaysia), Kem Perdana Sungai, Besi, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia.ORCID 0000-0002-6124-7993
Natalie SchellackDepartment of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Basic Medical Sciences Building, Prinshof Campus, University of Pretoria, Arcadia 0083, South Africa.
Amanj KurdiStrathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-5036-1988
Alian A AlrasheedyDepartment of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraidah, Qassim 51452, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0003-3617-7425
Angela TimoneyStrathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK.
Julius C MwitaDepartment of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana.
Godfrey Mutashambara RwegereraDepartment of Medicine, Sir Ketumile Masire Teaching Hospital, Gaborone, Botswana.
Okwen PatrickEffective Basic Services (eBASE) Africa, Ndamukong Street, Bamenda, Cameroon.ORCID 0000-0002-9017-7496
Loveline Lum NibaEffective Basic Services (eBASE) Africa, Ndamukong Street, Bamenda, Cameroon.ORCID 0000-0002-5938-4913
Baffour Boaten Boahen-BoatenDepartment of Psychology, Faculty of Applied Social Sciences, Eswatini Medical Christian University, P.O. Box A624, Swazi Plaza, Mbabane H100, Eswatini.
Felicity Besong TabiDepartment of Social Work, Faculty of Applied Social Sciences, Eswatini Medical Christian University, P.O. Box A624, Swazi Plaza, Mbabane H100, Eswatini.
Olufunke Y AmuDepartment of Social Work, Faculty of Applied Social Sciences, Eswatini Medical Christian University, P.O. Box A624, Swazi Plaza, Mbabane H100, Eswatini.
Joseph AcolatsePharmacy Directorate, Cape Coast Teaching Hospital (CCTH), Cape Coast, Ghana.ORCID 0000-0001-6556-3208
Robert IncoomPharmacy Directorate, Cape Coast Teaching Hospital (CCTH), Cape Coast, Ghana.
Israel Abebrese SefahPharmacy Practice Department of Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Volta Region, Ghana.
Anastasia Nkatha GuantaiDepartment of Pharmacology & Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 19676-00202 KNH, Nairobi 00200, Kenya.
Sylvia OpangaDepartment of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 19676-00202 KNH, Nairobi 00200, Kenya.
Ibrahim ChikowePharmacy Department, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences (KUHeS), Blantyre, Malawi.
Felix KhuluzaPharmacy Department, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences (KUHeS), Blantyre, Malawi.
Dan KibuuleDepartment of Pharmacy Practice and Policy, Faculty of Health Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Namibia, Windhoek 10000, Namibia.ORCID 0000-0002-6908-2177
Francis KalemeeraDepartment of Pharmacy Practice and Policy, Faculty of Health Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Namibia, Windhoek 10000, Namibia.
Ester HangoDepartment of Pharmacy Practice and Policy, Faculty of Health Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Namibia, Windhoek 10000, Namibia.ORCID 0000-0002-7112-4049
Jennie LatesDepartment of Pharmacy Practice and Policy, Faculty of Health Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Namibia, Windhoek 10000, Namibia.ORCID 0000-0002-0272-0138
Joseph FadareDepartment of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti 362001, Nigeria.ORCID 0000-0002-5641-1402
Olayinka O OgunleyeDepartment of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, College of Medicine, Lagos State University, Ikeja, Lagos 21266, Nigeria.ORCID 0000-0002-8921-1909
Zikria SaleemFaculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.ORCID 0000-0003-3202-6347
Frasia OosthuizenDiscipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa.ORCID 0000-0003-3691-7446
Werner CordierDepartment of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Basic Medical Sciences Building, Prinshof Campus, University of Pretoria, Arcadia 0083, South Africa.ORCID 0000-0002-5744-9285
Moliehi MatlalaDivision of Public Health Pharmacy and Management, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Garankuwa, Pretoria 0208, South Africa.ORCID 0000-0002-4887-4757
Johanna C MeyerDivision of Public Health Pharmacy and Management, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Garankuwa, Pretoria 0208, South Africa.
Gustav SchellackPharmaceutical Industry, Pretoria 0002, South Africa.
Amos MasseleHurbert Kairuki Memorial University, 70 Chwaku Road Mikocheni, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania.
Oliver Ombeva MalandeDepartment of Child Health and Paediatrics, Egerton University, Nakuru, Kenya.
Aubrey Chichonyi KalungiaDepartment of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.ORCID 0000-0003-2554-1236
James SichoneDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.
Sekelani S BandaDepartment of Medical Education Development, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.ORCID 0000-0001-8729-8062
Trust ZaranyikaDepartment of Medicine, University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences, Harare, Zimbabwe.
Stephen CampbellCentre for Primary Care and Health Services Research, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
Brian GodmanStrathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-6539-6972

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundMultiple measures introduced early to restrict COVID-19 have dramatically impacted the teaching of medical and pharmacy students, exacerbated by the lack of infrastructure and experience with e-learning at the start of the pandemic. In addition, the costs and reliability of the Internet across Africa pose challenges alongside undertaking clinical teaching and practical programmes. Consequently, there is a need to understand the many challenges and how these were addressed, given increasingly complex patients, to provide future direction.

methodAn exploratory study was conducted among senior-level medical and pharmacy educators across Africa, addressing four key questions, including the challenges resulting from the pandemic and how these were dealt with.

resultsStaff and student members faced multiple challenges initially, including adapting to online learning. In addition, concerns with the lack of equipment (especially among disadvantaged students), the costs of Internet bundles, and how to conduct practicals and clinical teaching. Multiple activities were undertaken to address these challenges. These included training sessions, developing innovative approaches to teaching, and seeking ways to reduce Internet costs. Robust approaches to practicals, clinical teaching, and assessments have been developed.

conclusionsAppreciable difficulties to teaching arising from the pandemic are being addressed across Africa. Research is ongoing to improve education and assessments.

Indexed as

AfricaCOVID-19cross country learninge-learninghybrid approachesInternet platformsmedical educationmental healthpharmacy education

Identifiers

PMID34946448
PMCPMC8701006

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.