ReviewMicroorganisms2021
Probiotics: Should All Patients Take Them?
Review in Microorganisms, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 61 citations in OpenAlex.
- Long-term safety and clinical effects of probiotic supplementation in at-risk populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Pooled it
- Role of probiotic supplementation in preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia among critically ill patients-a critical umbrella review of meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- Probiotic Bifidobacteria in Managing Periodontal Disease: A Systematic Review.International dental journal · 2023Pooled it
- Maternal and infant probiotic administration for morbidity of very low birth weight infants: a three-arm randomized placebo-controlled trial.European journal of nutrition · 2022Trial
- Targeting the human gut microbiome: a comparative review of probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and postbiotics.Journal of advanced research · 2026Review
- Safety and Effectiveness of Probiotic Preparations: A Contemporary Review.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Probiotic Yeasts and Bacteria: A Complementary Approach to Gut Health.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- Unraveling the gut microbiota-brain axis: Mechanisms, pathophysiology, and therapeutic opportunities.iScience · 2026Review
- Acute and sub-chronic oral toxicity evaluation and gut microbiota modulation of indigenousToxicology reports · 2026Article
- Buyang Huanwu Decoction promotes neurorepair after spinal cord injury through a Lactobacillus johnsonii-indole-3-lactic acid-AhR-PI3K/Akt axis.Chinese medicine · 2026Article
- Natural and Biological Products Therapeutic Potential in Restoring Gut Microbiome: Mechanistic Insights and Clinical Implications.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Review
- Accidental Intravenous Administration of Oral Bacillus clausii Probiotic (Enterogermina) in a Toddler: A Case Report.Cureus · 2026Article
- Therapeutic Remodeling of the Gut Microbiome as a Strategy to Restore Immune Tolerance in Autoimmunity.MicrobiologyOpen · 2026Review
- Functional Equivalence of Heat-Inactivated (HI) and Live Probiotic RSB11 in Suppressing Inflammation: Expanding Formulation and Application Potential.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Probiotics as Microbiome Modulators in Male Infertility: Rethinking Dysbiosis Across the Gut-Testis Axis.Journal of personalized medicine · 2026Review
- Subacute 28-Day OECD-Guided Oral Toxicity Study ofJournal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Probiotic Strains.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Natural supplements in breast cancer therapy: translational evidence, clinical safety, and emerging challenges.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Gut barrier-microbiota crosstalk in sepsis: from pathogenesis to potential therapies.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Functional fermented dairy products: a review of mechanisms, health potential, and technological challenges.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The usefulness of probiotics in the treatment as well as prevention of many infections and disorders has been confirmed by previous clinical studies. They can protect not only against gastrointestinal diseases such as diarrhea or enteritis but they have proven efficacy against pneumonia, urogenital infection, depression/anxiety, cancer metastasis, obesity, and others. However, it should be mentioned that not all clinical trials have shown improvement of health in patients undergoing probiotic treatment, and very rarely have even reported that probiotic strains may be the causative agents of opportunistic infections. Studies have documented cases of sepsis/bacteremia, endocarditis, liver abscess, pneumonia, and fungemia caused by probiotic strains, mainly in high-risk groups. This review summarizes the cases of infections caused by probiotic strains and the potential hazard associated with the supplementation of probiotics in seriously ill and hospitalized patients.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.