ReviewJournal of clinical medicine2021
A Systematic Review of Persistent Symptoms and Residual Abnormal Functioning following Acute COVID-19: Ongoing Symptomatic Phase vs. Post-COVID-19 Syndrome.
Review in Journal of clinical medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05504460 (A Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Effectiveness and Safety of Hydrogen-Oxygen Generator With Nebulizer for Rehabilitation Treatment of Dysfunctions in Discharged Patients Who Are Previously Hospitalized Due to COVID-19), which is not on this map. Cited by 94 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Effectiveness and Safety of Hydrogen-Oxygen Generator With Nebulizer for Rehabilitation Treatment of Dysfunctions in Discharged Patients Who Are Previously Hospitalized Due to COVID-19
Who cites it
94 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 147 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- The incidence and risk factors of selected drug prescriptions and outpatient care after SARS-CoV-2 infection in low-risk subjects: a multicenter population-based cohort study.Frontiers in public health · 2023Pooled it
- ESCMID rapid guidelines for assessment and management of long COVID.Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases · 2022Guideline
- Characterising Pain in Post-COVID-19 Syndrome: An Observational Study of Intensity and Sensitivity.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- A mixed-methods study comparing clinical and patient-reported perspectives on long COVID: insights from electronic health records and narrative journal entries.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Observational
- Psychopathologies in post-COVID outpatients differ from a psychosomatic control sample in a cross-sectional study.Discover mental health · 2026Article
- Managing Anxiety and Depression Symptoms in Long COVID.American family physician · 2026Article
- SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Induces Time-Dependent and Brain-Region-Specific Alterations in Ferroptosis Markers: A Preliminary Study in K18-hACE2 Mice.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- From Exhaustion to Empowerment: A Pilot Study on Motor Control-Based Exercise for Fatigue and Quality of Life in Long COVID-19 Patients.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
- Post-COVID Syndrome in Patients With Comorbid Hypertension or Diabetes: A Narrative Review of Long-Term Outcomes.Cureus · 2026Review
- Perceived Chronic Stress prior to SARS-CoV-2 Infection Predicts Ongoing Symptomatic COVID-19: A Prospective Cohort Study.Psychotherapy and psychosomatics · 2026Article
- Scoping review of the emerging definition of long COVID: implications for future research and clinical practice.Revista de salud publica (Bogota, Colombia) · 2025Article
- Clinical Practice Guideline Recommendations for Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19.Infection & chemotherapy · 2025Review
- Scars from the pandemic: understanding post-COVID-19 interstitial lung disease.Breathe (Sheffield, England) · 2025Review
- Article
- Effect of water- and land-based exercise on lung function in children with post-COVID-19 condition: secondary results from a randomised controlled trial.ERJ open research · 2025Article
- The incidence of outpatient care within 24 months from SARS-CoV-2 infection in the general population: a multicenter population-based cohort study.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Long COVID in Children and Adolescents: Mechanisms, Symptoms, and Long-Term Impact on Health-A Comprehensive Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Acute and long-term effects of COVID-19 on brain and mental health: A narrative review.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2025Review
- Consensus based recommendations for the management of post-COVID long-term sequelae (Long COVID): a regional perspective.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
34 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo compare the two phases of long COVID, namely ongoing symptomatic COVID-19 (OSC; signs and symptoms from 4 to 12 weeks from initial infection) and post-COVID-19 syndrome (PCS; signs and symptoms beyond 12 weeks) with respect to symptomatology, abnormal functioning, psychological burden, and quality of life.
designSystematic review. DATA SOURCES: Electronic search of EMBASE, MEDLINE, ProQuest Coronavirus Research Database, LitCOVID, and Google Scholar between January and April 2021, and manual search for relevant citations from review articles. Eligibility Criteria: Cross-sectional studies, cohort studies, randomised control trials, and case-control studies with participant data concerning long COVID symptomatology or abnormal functioning. DATA EXTRACTION: Studies were screened and assessed for risk of bias by two independent reviewers, with conflicts resolved with a third reviewer. The AXIS tool was utilised to appraise the quality of the evidence. Data were extracted and collated using a data extraction tool in Microsoft Excel.
resultsOf the 1145 studies screened, 39 were included, all describing adult cohorts with long COVID and sample sizes ranging from 32 to 1733. Studies included data pertaining to symptomatology, pulmonary functioning, chest imaging, cognitive functioning, psychological disorder, and/or quality of life. Fatigue presented as the most prevalent symptom during both OSC and PCS at 43% and 44%, respectively. Sleep disorder (36%; 33%), dyspnoea (31%; 40%), and cough (26%; 22%) followed in prevalence. Abnormal spirometry (FEV
conclusionsThe prevalence of OSC and PCS were highly variable. Reported symptoms covered a wide range of body systems, with a general overlap in frequencies between the two phases. However, abnormalities in lung function and imaging seemed to be more common in OSC, whilst anxiety, depression, and poor quality of life seemed more frequent in PCS. In general, the quality of the evidence was moderate and further research is needed to understand longitudinal symptomatology trajectories in long COVID. Systematic Review Registration: Registered with PROSPERO with ID #CRD42021247846.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.