ArticleJournal of clinical medicine2021
Sex Differences in Salmonellosis Incidence Rates-An Eight-Country National Data-Pooled Analysis.
Article in Journal of clinical medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
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- How Does Biological Sex Impact Mucosal Bacterial Infection? Mucosal Defenses and Bacterial Detection.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- The oral-gut-brain axis: how periodontitis influence depression.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Epidemiology of human salmonellosis in Czechia ─ a country with the highest European notification rate, 2012 to 2023.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2026Article
- Prevalence and Clinical Manifestation of Astrovirus Gastroenteritis in Adults: A Seven-Year Study in Washington D.C., USA.Viruses · 2025Observational
- Quantification ofeLife · 2025Article
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Genomic Characterization of Salmonella Serovars Typhimurium and 4,[5],12:i:- in Huzhou, China.Infection and drug resistance · 2025Article
- Quantification ofbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- The conneXion between sex and immune responses.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2024Review
- Trends in the Epidemiology of Non-Typhoidal Salmonellosis in Israel between 2010 and 2021.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Salmonella serovars in sheep and goats and their probable zoonotic potential to humans in Suez Canal Area, Egypt.Acta veterinaria Scandinavica · 2022Article
- Effect of red ginger powder (Veterinary world · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThere are few studies on sex differences in the incidence rates (IR) for salmonellosis over several countries by age and time period. The purpose of this study was to explore the extent and consistency of the sex and age-specific differences.
methodsWe analyzed national data from eight countries between 1994 and 2016. We computed country-specific male to female incidence rate ratios (IRRs) for each age group and pooled the data using meta-analytic methods. Variations of the IRRs by age, country and time period were evaluated using meta-regression.
resultsThe pooled male to female incidence RRs for ages 0-1, 1-4, 5-9 and 10-14, were 1.04 (1.02-1.06), 1.02 (1.01-1.03), 1.07 (1.05-1.08) and 1.28 (1.23-1.33), respectively. For the ages 15-44 and 45-64, the incidence rates were significantly higher in females. Meta-regression analyses indicate that age groups contributed most of the variation in the male to female IRRs.
conclusionsWe suggest that genetic and hormonal factors and interactions between hormones and gut microbiota could contribute to the sex differences observed in young children. These findings should provide clues about the mechanisms of the infection, and should be useful in targeting treatments and development of vaccines. HIGHLIGHTS: (1) This manuscript provides consistent estimates of the excess salmonellosis incidence rates in male children up to age 15, which suggests an impact of sex hormones or genetic differences. (2) Our findings should promote the further investigations on sex-related determinants of infectious diseases.
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