ReviewBiomedicines2021
PAD Inhibitors as a Potential Treatment for SARS-CoV-2 Immunothrombosis.
Review in Biomedicines, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Multifactorial pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis: interaction between inflammation, metabolic dysregulation, and tissue mechanics.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Roles of peptidylarginine deiminase (PAD) and protein citrullination in viral infections.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- NETosis: A key player in autoimmunity, COVID-19, and long COVID.Journal of translational autoimmunity · 2025Review
- Pharmacological blocking of neutrophil extracellular traps attenuates immunothrombosis and neuroinflammation in cerebral cavernous malformation.Nature cardiovascular research · 2024Article
- Neutrophil PAD4 Expression and Its Pivotal Role in Assessment of Alcohol-Related Liver Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- COVID-19 in patients with anemia and haematological malignancies: risk factors, clinical guidelines, and emerging therapeutic approaches.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2024Review
- Recurring SARS-CoV-2 variants: an update on post-pandemic, co-infections and immune response.Nanotheranostics · 2024Review
- The role of cell death in SARS-CoV-2 infection.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2023Review
- The central role of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and by-products in COVID-19 related pulmonary thrombosis.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2023Review
- The role of extracellular histones in COVID-19.Journal of internal medicine · 2023Review
- Neutrophil activation and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in COVID-19 ARDS and immunothrombosis.European journal of immunology · 2023Review
- Regulating Neutrophil PAD4/NOX-Dependent Cerebrovasular Thromboinflammation.International journal of biological sciences · 2023Article
- PAD4 and Its Inhibitors in Cancer Progression and Prognosis.Pharmaceutics · 2022Review
- Novel antiviral activity of PAD inhibitors against human beta-coronaviruses HCoV-OC43 and SARS-CoV-2.Antiviral research · 2022Article
- Do Circulating Histones Represent the Missing Link among COVID-19 Infection and Multiorgan Injuries, Microvascular Coagulopathy and Systemic Hyperinflammation?Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Composition and Organization of Acute Ischemic Stroke Thrombus: A Wealth of Information for Future Thrombolytic Strategies.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Review
- SARS-Cov2 acute and post-active infection in the context of autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases.Journal of translational autoimmunity · 2022Article
- NETosis and Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in COVID-19: Immunothrombosis and Beyond.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Since the discovery of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in December 2019, the virus's dynamicity has resulted in the evolution of various variants, including the delta variant and the more novel mu variant. With a multitude of mutant strains posing as challenges to vaccine efficacy, it is critical that researchers embrace the development of pharmacotherapeutics specific to SARS-CoV-2 pathophysiology. Neutrophil extracellular traps and their constituents, including citrullinated histones, display a linear connection with thrombotic manifestations in COVID-19 patients. Peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs) are a group of enzymes involved in the modification of histone arginine residues by citrullination, allowing for the formation of NETs. PAD inhibitors, specifically PAD-4 inhibitors, offer extensive pharmacotherapeutic potential across a broad range of inflammatory diseases such as COVID-19, through mediating NETs formation. Although numerous PAD-4 inhibitors exist, current literature has not explored the depth of utilizing these inhibitors clinically to treat thrombotic complications in COVID-19 patients. This review article offers the clinical significance of PAD-4 inhibitors in reducing thrombotic complications across various inflammatory disorders like COVID-19 and suggests that these inhibitors may be valuable in treating the origin of SARS-CoV-2 immunothrombosis.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.