ReviewBiomedicines2021
Predictive Biomarkers of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Response in Breast Cancer: Looking beyond Tumoral PD-L1.
Review in Biomedicines, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Transcriptomic and microenvironment characteristics of triple-negative breast cancer under three different neoadjuvant treatment regimens.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2025Trial
- Phase II Clinical Trial of Pembrolizumab and Chemotherapy Reveals Distinct Transcriptomic Profiles by Radiologic Response in Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2024Trial
- Reprogramming the breast tumor immune microenvironment: cold-to-hot transition for enhanced immunotherapy.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2025Review
- Breast cancer scoring based on a multiplexed profiling of soluble and cell-associated (immune) markers facilitates the prediction of pembrolizumab therapy.Cancer cell international · 2025Article
- Precision medicine in breast cancer (Review).Molecular and clinical oncology · 2024Review
- Advancements in Immunotherapy for Breast Cancer: Mechanisms, Efficacy, and Future Directions.Cureus · 2024Review
- Understanding the relationship between breast cancer, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and gut microbiota: a narrative review.Translational breast cancer research : a journal focusing on translational research in breast cancer · 2024Review
- Predictive biomarkers of response and survival following immunotherapy with a PD-L1 inhibitor benmelstobart (TQB2450) and antiangiogenic therapy with a VEGFR inhibitor anlotinib for pretreated advanced triple negative breast cancer.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2023Article
- Comparison of SP142 and 22C3 PD-L1 assays in a population-based cohort of triple-negative breast cancer patients in the context of their clinically established scoring algorithms.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2023Article
- Current status of contemporary diagnostic radiotracers in the management of breast cancer: first steps toward theranostic applications.EJNMMI research · 2023Review
- Clusterin is a biomarker of breast cancer prognosis and correlated with immune microenvironment.Translational cancer research · 2023Article
- Breast cancer cells survive chemotherapy by activating targetable immune-modulatory programs characterized by PD-L1 or CD80.Nature cancer · 2022Article
- HLA class II molecule HLA-DRA identifies immuno-hot tumors and predicts the therapeutic response to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in NSCLC.BMC cancer · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors utilize the immune system to kill cancer cells and are now widely applied across numerous malignancies. Pembrolizumab has two breast-specific indications in triple-negative disease. Currently, programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression on tumor and surrounding immune cells is the only validated predictive biomarker for immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in breast cancer; however, it can be imprecise. Additional biomarkers are needed to identify the patient population who will derive the most benefit from these therapies. The tumor immune microenvironment contains many biomarker candidates. In tumor cells, tumor mutational burden has emerged as a robust biomarker across malignancies in general, with higher burden cancers demonstrating improved response, but will need further refinement for less mutated cancers. Preliminary studies suggest that mutations in breast cancer gene 2 (
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.