ReviewBiomolecules2021
Essential Fatty Acids and Their Metabolites in the Pathobiology of Inflammation and Its Resolution.
Review in Biomolecules, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 106 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
106 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 155 citations in OpenAlex.
- Genetic evidence of the causal relationship between genetically predicted nutrients and psoriatic arthritis.Clinical rheumatology · 2026Pooled it
- The effect of long-term magnesium intake on inflammatory markers in patients with metabolic syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- AA and Parkinson's Disease.Reviews of physiology, biochemistry and pharmacology · 2027Review
- General View of Arachidonic Acid (AA) Metabolism.Reviews of physiology, biochemistry and pharmacology · 2027Review
- AA in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Lupus.Reviews of physiology, biochemistry and pharmacology · 2027Review
- Metabolic control of macrophages in coronavirus disease 2019.Virulence · 2026Review
- Serum free fatty acid profiles as novel biomarkers for disease activity in Graves' orbitopathy.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2026Article
- Untargeted Blubber Metabolomics Reveals Biochemical Signatures Associated with Physiological Status in Live, Free-Ranging Bottlenose Dolphins.Metabolites · 2026Article
- Untargeted LC-MS Plasma Metabolomics Reveals Altered Amino Acid and Carbohydrate Metabolism in Dairy Calves Supplemented with Direct-Fed Microbials.Metabolites · 2026Article
- Intestinal Epithelial Cell Ferroptosis in Ulcerative Colitis: Pathogenesis, Signaling Networks, and Therapeutic Implications.Current medical science · 2026Review
- Macrophage metabolism reprogramming in sepsis: Pathogenesis and therapeutic implications (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Syncytin-a deficiency compromises murine sperm function by suppressing PRL/PGE2 and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.iScience · 2026Article
- Precisely designed keystone metabolites boost shrimp disease resistance by recruiting symbionts via the lipoxin A4-AP-1 pathway.Microbiome · 2026Article
- Exploring the Role of Gut Microbiota in Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria: Mechanisms and Potential Therapeutic Implications.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Review
- Oxidative stress affects intestinal health by inhibiting the differentiation of porcine intestinal epithelial cells through producing arachidonic acid.Science China. Life sciences · 2026Article
- Advancements in Understanding the Role of Oxylipins in Liver Injury and Liver Failure.Journal of clinical and translational hepatology · 2026Review
- DPEP2 suppresses hyperinflammation via metabolic reprogramming of macrophages in sepsis.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Platelet Lysate-Enriched Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Chondrocyte Sheets for Bone Defect Repair via Endochondral Ossification.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Article
- Modulation and Reprogramming of Adipose Tissue Macrophages in Obesity.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Lipoxin A4 inAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
46 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism is critical in the initiation and resolution of inflammation. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and leukotriene B4/D4/E4 (LTB4/LD4/LTE4), derived from AA, are involved in the initiation of inflammation and regulation of immune response, hematopoiesis, and M1 (pro-inflammatory) macrophage facilitation. Paradoxically, PGE2 suppresses interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) production and triggers the production of lipoxin A4 (LXA4) from AA to initiate inflammation resolution process and augment regeneration of tissues. LXA4 suppresses PGE2 and LTs' synthesis and action and facilitates M2 macrophage generation to resolve inflammation. AA inactivates enveloped viruses including SARS-CoV-2. Macrophages, NK cells, T cells, and other immunocytes release AA and other bioactive lipids to produce their anti-microbial actions. AA, PGE2, and LXA4 have cytoprotective actions, regulate nitric oxide generation, and are critical to maintain cell shape and control cell motility and phagocytosis, and inflammation, immunity, and anti-microbial actions. Hence, it is proposed that AA plays a crucial role in the pathobiology of ischemia/reperfusion injury, sepsis, COVID-19, and other critical illnesses, implying that its (AA) administration may be of significant benefit in the prevention and amelioration of these diseases.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.