ArticleCells2021
Shear Stress Alterations Activate BMP4/pSMAD5 Signaling and Induce Endothelial Mesenchymal Transition in Varicose Veins.
Article in Cells, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- The arterial-venous continuum: bridging atherosclerosis and chronic venous disease through endothelial dysfunction.Internal and emergency medicine · 2026Review
- Oscillatory shear stress-driven endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition: a critical mechanical signal transduction mechanism in atherosclerosis progression.Cell death discovery · 2026Review
- Endothelial to mesenchymal transition in cardiovascular diseases: molecular insights and clinical perspectives.European heart journal · 2026Review
- Exercise-altered fluid shear stress regulates vascular endothelial inflammation via Piezo1.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Review
- Altered venous flow drives endothelial to mesenchymal transition in varicose veins by suppressing PIEZO1-KLF2 signaling.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2025Article
- Major Common Hallmarks and Potential Epigenetic Drivers of Wound Chronicity and Recurrence: Hypothesis and Reflections.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Oxidative Stress in the Pathophysiology of Chronic Venous Disease: An Overview.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Mechanism of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase promoting lower extremity varicose veins development via cytoskeletal dynamics.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2025Article
- Advances in the diagnosis and treatment of primary deep venous valve insufficiency.European journal of medical research · 2025Review
- Chronic Disturbed Flow Induces Superficial Erosion-Prone Lesion via Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in a DNA Methyltransferase-Dependent Manner.Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis · 2025Article
- MFGE8 regulates the EndoMT of HLMECs through the BMP signaling pathway and fibrosis in acute lung injury.Respiratory research · 2025Article
- Broadening horizons: molecular mechanisms and disease implications of endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2025Review
- Transfer RNA-derived fragment tRF-36 modulates varicose vein progression via human vascular smooth muscle cell Notch signaling.Open life sciences · 2025Article
- The vascular microenvironment and its stem cells regulate vascular homeostasis.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025Review
- Methylome analysis of endothelial cells suggests new insights on sporadic brain arteriovenous malformation.Heliyon · 2024Article
- GDF15 deficiency hinders human trophoblast invasion to mediate pregnancy loss through downregulating Smad1/5 phosphorylation.iScience · 2023Article
- Oscillatory shear stress modulates Notch-mediated endothelial mesenchymal plasticity in cerebral arteriovenous malformations.Cellular & molecular biology letters · 2023Article
- Molecular Determinants of Chronic Venous Disease: A Comprehensive Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Early pharmacological venous thromboembolism prophylaxis reduces lower limb deep vein thrombosis in surgical patients with severe hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage: a retrospective cohort study.Frontiers in neurologyArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Chronic venous diseases, including varicose veins, are characterized by hemodynamic disturbances due to valve defects, venous insufficiency, and orthostatism. Veins are physiologically low shear stress systems, and how altered hemodynamics drives focal endothelial dysfunction and causes venous remodeling is unknown. Here we demonstrate the occurrence of endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndMT) in human varicose veins. Moreover, the BMP4-pSMAD5 pathway was robustly upregulated in varicose veins. In vitro flow-based assays using human vein, endothelial cells cultured in microfluidic chambers show that even minimal disturbances in shear stress as may occur in early stages of venous insufficiency induce BMP4-pSMAD5-based phenotype switching. Furthermore, low shear stress at uniform laminar pattern does not induce EndMT in venous endothelial cells. Targeting the BMP4-pSMAD5 pathway with small molecule inhibitor LDN193189 reduced SNAI1/2 expression in venous endothelial cells exposed to disturbed flow. TGFβ inhibitor SB505124 was less efficient in inhibiting EndMT in venous endothelial cells exposed to disturbed flow. We conclude that disturbed shear stress, even in the absence of any oscillatory flow, induces EndMT in varicose veins
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.