Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34944039›Full record

ArticleCells2021

Stability of Intracellular Protein Concentration under Extreme Osmotic Challenge.

Jordan E Hollembeak, Michael A Model

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Cells, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
0.5field-weighted citation impact, top 39% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Characterization of heat, salt, acid, alkaline, and antibiotic stress response in soil isolate Bacillus subtilis strain PSK.A2.International microbiology : the official journal of the Spanish Society for Microbiology · 2025
    Article
  4. Macromolecular Crowding in Cell Stress and Death.Sub-cellular biochemistry · 2025
    Review
  5. Article
  6. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Jordan E HollembeakDepartment of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44023, USA.
Michael A ModelDepartment of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44023, USA.
Kent State University · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Cell volume (CV) regulation is typically studied in short-term experiments to avoid complications resulting from cell growth and division. By combining quantitative phase imaging (by transport-of-intensity equation) with CV measurements (by the exclusion of an external absorbing dye), we were able to monitor the intracellular protein concentration (PC) in HeLa and 3T3 cells for up to 48 h. Long-term PC remained stable in solutions with osmolarities ranging from one-third to almost twice the normal. When cells were subjected to extreme hypoosmolarity (one-quarter of normal), their PC did not decrease as one might expect, but increased; a similar dehydration response was observed at high concentrations of ionophore gramicidin. Highly dilute media, or even moderately dilute in the presence of cytochalasin, caused segregation of water into large protein-free vacuoles, while the surrounding cytoplasm remained at normal density. These results suggest that: (1) dehydration is a standard cellular response to severe stress; (2) the cytoplasm resists prolonged dilution. In an attempt to investigate the mechanism behind the homeostasis of PC, we tested the inhibitors of the protein kinase complex mTOR and the volume-regulated anion channels (VRAC). The initial results did not fully elucidate whether these elements are directly involved in PC maintenance.

Indexed as

Osmosis3T3 CellsAnimalsApoptosisEnzyme InhibitorsHeLa CellsHomeostasisHumansIntracellular SpaceMiceOsmolar ConcentrationProteinsEnzyme InhibitorsProteinscell volume regulationintracellular watermacromolecular crowdingtransmission-through-dyetransport-of-intensity equationvacuolization

Identifiers

PMID34944039
PMCPMC8700764
OpenAlexW4200178318

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.