ReviewCells2021
The Role of Serum Th1, Th2, and Th17 Cytokines in Patients with Alopecia Areata: Clinical Implications.
Review in Cells, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 49 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
49 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 91 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparative efficacy and safety of systemic steroids, oral JAK inhibitors and Contact Immunotherapy in the Treatment of severe alopecia areata: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.Archives of dermatological research · 2024Pooled it
- Treatments for alopecia areata: a network meta-analysis.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Is Intralesional Methotrexate an Effective Alternative to Intralesional Triamcinolone in Alopecia Areata? Findings From a Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of cosmetic dermatology · 2025Trial
- Multiomics Analysis of the Response to Ritlecitinib in Alopecia Areata Subtypes and Correlation With Efficacy.Allergy · 2025Trial
- Emerging Paediatric Uses of Dupilumab Beyond Approvals.Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology · 2026Review
- Targeting JAK/STAT signalling with cold atmospheric plasma: a potential therapy for systemic lupus erythematosus.Expert reviews in molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Serum metabolomic profiling identifies taurolithocholic acid as a predictor of HDM-SCIT response in allergic rhinitis: clinical discovery and experimental validation.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Changes in T-cell subsets and their association with disease severity in patients with alopecia areata.Turkish journal of medical sciences · 2026Article
- Pyroptosis in Alopecia Areata: Synthesizing Emerging Hypotheses and Charting a Path to New Therapies.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Detection of Serum Levels of Interleukins-17, 21, 6 and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α in Patients with Patchy Alopecia Areata and Their Association with Disease Severity.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- The AhR pathway is dysregulated in alopecia areata.Journal of translational autoimmunity · 2025Article
- Alopecia Areata: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Therapies.MedComm · 2025Review
- Diagnostic utility of Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, and IL-13) in pulpal blood for assessing pulpitis severity.BMC oral health · 2025Article
- Comparative Real-World Analysis of Baseline Demographic Characteristics and Comorbidities in Atopic Dermatitis Patients Initiating Biologics Versus JAK Inhibitors.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Investigating the potential mechanism of microneedling in alopecia areata mice based on 16S rRNA sequencing and metabolomics.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Comparative investigation of immune-related biomarkers related to alopecia areata subtypes.Archives of medical science : AMS · 2025Article
- Alopecia areata: from immunopathogenesis to emerging therapeutic approaches.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Overlapping features of atopic dermatitis and alopecia areata: from pathogenesis to treatment.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- From mechanisms to therapies: current advances breakthroughs in alopecia areata immunopathology.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Alopecia areata is a type of non-scarring hair loss. The dysregulation of numerous systemic Th1 (IL-2, IFN-γ, TNF, IL-12, and IL-18), Th2 (IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-9, IL-10, IL-13, IL-17E, IL-31 and IL-33) and Th17 (IL-17, IL-17F, IL-21, IL-22, IL-23 and TGF-β) cytokines was observed in patients with alopecia areata. Positive correlations between the severity of alopecia areata and an increased serum level of various cytokines including IL-2, TNF, IL-12, IL-17, and IL-17E were reported in the literature. An increased serum level of numerous cytokines, such as IL-2, IL-6, TNF, IL-12, IL-17E, and IL-22, was described as positively correlated with the duration of the disease. Moreover, it was shown that increased pre-treatment serum level of IL-12 was a positive, while increased serum levels of IL-4 and IL-13 were negative prognostic markers for the efficacy of diphenylcyclopropenone. In conclusion, alopecia areata is associated with the dysregulation of systemic Th1, Th2 and Th17 cytokines with their role in the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations and prognosis of the disease. Available data indicate the most significant role of serum IL-2, TNF, IL-12, IL-17, and IL-17E as markers of disease activity. The serum levels IL-4, IL-12 and IL-13 may be useful as potential predictors of diphenylcyclopropenone efficacy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.