ArticleCells2021
Chronic Histological Outcomes of Indirect Traumatic Optic Neuropathy in Adolescent Mice: Persistent Degeneration and Temporally Regulated Glial Responses.
Article in Cells, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- In Situ Photo‑Crosslinked Functional Bilayer Hydrogel Modulates Local Microenvironment and Remyelination After Optic Nerve Injury.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Three-dimensional tissue engineering and organoid technologies for retinal regeneration and therapy.Bioengineering & translational medicine · 2025Review
- Neuroprotective Effect of Methylene Blue in a Rat Model of Traumatic Optic Neuropathy.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Anterograde degeneration along the visual pathway following optic nerve injury: a review.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Review
- Visual Impairment in Pre-Clinical Models of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury.Journal of neurotrauma · 2024Review
- An Update to Biomechanical and Biochemical Principles of Retinal Injury in Child Abuse.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Complement propagates visual system pathology following traumatic brain injury.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2024Article
- Effects of Mild Closed-Head Injury and Subanesthetic Ketamine Infusion on Microglia, Axonal Injury, and Synaptic Density in Sprague-Dawley Rats.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Model matters: Differential outcomes in traumatic optic neuropathy pathophysiology between blunt and blast-wave mediated head injuries.Experimental neurology · 2024Article
- Brief Oxygen Exposure after Traumatic Brain Injury Hastens Recovery and Promotes Adaptive Chronic Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Responses.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Oxidative stress in the brain and retina after traumatic injury.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Injury to the optic nerve, termed, traumatic optic neuropathy (TON) is a known comorbidity of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and is now known to cause chronic and progressive retinal thinning up to 35 years after injury. Although animal models of TBI have described the presence of optic nerve degeneration and research exploring acute mechanisms is underway, few studies in humans or animals have examined chronic TON pathophysiology outside the retina. We used a closed-head weight-drop model of TBI/TON in 6-week-old male C57BL/6 mice. Mice were euthanized 7-, 14-, 30-, 90-, and 150-days post-injury (DPI) to assess histological changes in the visual system of the brain spanning a total of 12 regions. We show chronic elevation of FluoroJade-C, indicative of neurodegeneration, throughout the time course. Intriguingly, FJ-C staining revealed a bimodal distribution of mice indicating the possibility of subpopulations that may be more or less susceptible to injury outcomes. Additionally, we show that microglia and astrocytes react to optic nerve damage in both temporally and regionally different ways. Despite these differences, astrogliosis and microglial changes were alleviated between 14-30 DPI in all regions examined, perhaps indicating a potentially critical period for intervention/recovery that may determine chronic outcomes.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.