ReviewCells2021
Post-Translational Modification of HMGB1 Disulfide Bonds in Stimulating and Inhibiting Inflammation.
Review in Cells, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 62 citations in OpenAlex.
- C/EBPβ as a master regulator of inflammasome signaling in neurodegenerative diseases: mechanisms and therapeutic implications.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Sunflower Receptacle Extract Alleviates Acute Gouty Arthritis via HMGB1-TLR4-NLRP3 Inflammatory Pathway.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Role of Cellular-Ferroptosis-Mediated HMGB1 Nuclear Translocation in Indium-Tin-Oxide-Nanoparticle-Induced Inflammatory Lung Injury.Environment & health (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Article
- Inflammaging and cytokine-driven cardiovascular senescence in age-related myocardial infarction: mechanisms, biomarkers, and precision immunotherapy strategies.Biogerontology · 2026Review
- Revealing the Biological Effect of theJournal of the American Chemical Society · 2026Article
- 11-keto-β-boswellic acid and Z-guggulsterone suppress HMGB1/TLR4 pathway activity and modulate microglial polarization to remodel perineuronal nets after nerve injury.Journal of advanced research · 2026Article
- Prognostic value of IL-6, HMGB1, and TLR4 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of patients with community-acquired pneumonia.American journal of translational research · 2026Article
- Emerging pathological mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis: from neuroimmune interactions to intercellular communication.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Review
- Baseline Serum HMGB1 and the Composite of All-Cause Mortality or First Heart Failure Rehospitalization in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction.Journal of inflammation research · 2026Article
- Significance of innate immune surveillance in emphysematous pancreatitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Spatiotemporal control of immunogenic cell death: rewiring tumor-immune dialogues for next-generation immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Dualistic Roles of High Mobility Group Box 1 in Cancer and Inflammation.Cancer medicine · 2025Review
- Endothelial HMGB1-AIM2 axis worsens myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury by regulating endothelial pyroptosis.Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death · 2025Article
- Osthole attenuates airway inflammation in asthma by inhibiting the HMGB1-RAGE/TLR4-NF-κB signaling pathway.Cytotechnology · 2025Article
- Interleukin-33 Knockout Promotes High Mobility Group Box 1 Release from Astrocytes by Acetylation Mediated by P300/CBP-Associated Factor in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis.Neuroscience bulletin · 2025Article
- Targeting high-mobility-group-box-1-mediated inflammation: a promising therapeutic approach for myocardial infarction.Inflammopharmacology · 2025Review
- Updates on the Role of Innate Immunity's Pattern Recognition Receptors in Vitiligo Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Potential.Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology · 2025Review
- Nicotine Attenuates Chondrocyte Inflammation via the α7nAChR-Mediated Inhibition of the HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB Signaling Pathway.Journal of inflammation research · 2025Article
- Inhibition of HMGB1/NF-κB signaling restores Th17/Treg balance via dendritic cell modulation in liver transplant rejection.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Nuclear receptor 4A1 is critical for neutrophil-dependent pulmonary immunity toFrontiers in immunology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
High mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1), a highly conserved nuclear DNA-binding protein, is a "damage-associated molecular pattern" molecule (DAMP) implicated in both stimulating and inhibiting innate immunity. As reviewed here, HMGB1 is an oxidation-reduction sensitive DAMP bearing three cysteines, and the post-translational modification of these residues establishes its proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory activities by binding to different extracellular cell surface receptors. The redox-sensitive signaling mechanisms of HMGB1 also occupy an important niche in innate immunity because HMGB1 may carry other DAMPs and pathogen-associated molecular pattern molecules (PAMPs). HMGB1 with DAMP/PAMP cofactors bind to the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) which internalizes the HMGB1 complexes by endocytosis for incorporation in lysosomal compartments. Intra-lysosomal HMGB1 disrupts lysosomal membranes thereby releasing the HMGB1-transported molecules to stimulate cytosolic sensors that mediate inflammation. This HMGB1-DAMP/PAMP cofactor pathway slowed the development of HMGB1-binding antagonists for diagnostic or therapeutic use. However, recent discoveries that HMGB1 released from neurons mediates inflammation via the TLR4 receptor system, and that cancer cells express fully oxidized HMGB1 as an immunosuppressive mechanism, offer new paths to targeting HMGB1 for inflammation, pain, and cancer.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.