Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34943746›Full record

ReviewAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)2021

Applications of Lysozyme, an Innate Immune Defense Factor, as an Alternative Antibiotic.

Patrizia Ferraboschi, Samuele Ciceri, Paride Grisenti

Open access · goldAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 177 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
177citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
33.8field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

177 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 387 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  17. Disulfidptosis-related signatures identify SPARCCellular oncology (Dordrecht, Netherlands) · 2026
    Article
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  20. Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026
    Article

117 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Patrizia FerraboschiDepartment of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Via C. Saldini 50, 20133 Milano, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-2349-8126
Samuele CiceriDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via L. Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milano, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-1202-941X
Paride GrisentiBioseutica BV, Corso Elvezia 4, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland.
University of Milan · IT

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Lysozyme is a ~14 kDa protein present in many mucosal secretions (tears, saliva, and mucus) and tissues of animals and plants, and plays an important role in the innate immunity, providing protection against bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Three main different types of lysozymes are known: the c-type (chicken or conventional type), the g-type (goose type), and the i-type (invertebrate type). It has long been the subject of several applications due to its antimicrobial properties. The problem of antibiotic resistance has stimulated the search for new molecules or new applications of known compounds. The use of lysozyme as an alternative antibiotic is the subject of this review, which covers the results published over the past two decades. This review is focused on the applications of lysozyme in medicine, (the treatment of infectious diseases, wound healing, and anti-biofilm), veterinary, feed, food preservation, and crop protection. It is available from a wide range of sources, in addition to the well-known chicken egg white, and its synergism with other compounds, endowed with antimicrobial activity, are also summarized. An overview of the modified lysozyme applications is provided in the form of tables.

Indexed as

antimicrobialGram-negativeGram-positiveinnate immunitylysozymemuramidasepeptidoglycan

Identifiers

PMID34943746
PMCPMC8698798
OpenAlexW4200533375

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.