ArticleAntioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)2021
Lutein and Zeaxanthin Distribution in the Healthy Macula and Its Association with Various Demographic Factors Examined in Pseudophakic Eyes.
Article in Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic Review of Reflection Spectroscopy-Based Skin Carotenoid Assessment in Children.Nutrients · 2023Pooled it
- Variations in Macular Pigment Optical Density in Children and Adolescents Depending on Time Spent on Smartphones.Vision (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Lens Color and Macular Pigment Density after Cataract Surgery: A Randomized Clinical Trial.Ophthalmology science · 2026Article
- Assessing the role of macular pigment optical volume in non-neovascular age-related macular degeneration: associations with rod-mediated dark adaptation and disease progression.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2026Observational
- Reduced Macular Pigment Optical Volume Is Linked to High-Risk OCT Biomarkers and Lower Contrast Sensitivity Function in iAMD.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Association of Corneal Biomechanical Properties with Fingertip-Measured Advanced Glycation End Products and Carotenoids in Glaucoma Patients.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- The Relationship Between Macular Pigment Optical Volume and Visual Function in Glaucoma Patients.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Continuous Liquid-Liquid Extraction of High-Purity Lutein fromFoods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Effect of Exposure to Blue Light from Electronic Devices and the Mediterranean Diet on Macular Pigment.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- In Vivo Correlation Between Macular Pigment Optical Volume and Retinal Layers Thickness.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2024Observational
- Scavenging of Cation Radicals of the Visual Cycle Retinoids by Lutein, Zeaxanthin, Taurine, and Melanin.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Positive Association between Macular Pigment Optical Density and Glomerular Filtration Rate: A Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Nutritional Factors: Benefits in Glaucoma and Ophthalmologic Pathologies.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Fingertip-Measured Skin Carotenoids and Advanced Glycation End Product Levels in Glaucoma.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The macular pigment consisting of lutein (L) and zeaxanthin (Z) protects photoreceptors via its antioxidative and barrier activities. This study aimed to determine L and Z distribution in the healthy macula and their association with various demographic factors. Macular pigment optical density (MPOD) was measured using fundus autofluorescence spectroscopy in 352 pseudophakic eyes with no fundus diseases. Pseudophakia was chosen to avoid the influence of cataract in the measurement of fundus autofluorescence. The mean patient age was 72.3 ± 8.6 years. MPOD was analyzed separately in three zones, i.e., A: a central area within a radius of 0.5°, mainly containing Z; B: a ring area with radii from 0.5° to 1.3°, containing Z and L; C: a ring area with radii from 1.3° to 9°, containing L. Multivariate analyses were performed with MPOD as the dependent variable and sex, supplement intake, smoking habits, glaucoma, diabetes, age, body mass index (BMI), skin carotenoid levels, retinal thickness, retinal volume, axial length as the independent variables. The mean total MPOD volume within 9° eccentricity was 20,121 ± 6293. Age was positively associated with MPOD in all zones. Supplement and BMI were positively and negatively associated with MPOD in zones B and C. Smoking was negatively associated with MPOD in zone A. This study revealed the standard MP values of aged Japanese, which resulted to be higher than the previously reported values in other races. Age was found to have a positive association with MP values. L in the outer foveola was affected by BMI and supplements, but Z in the foveola was not. The amount of Z in the Müller cell cone may not be changed easily by factors such as hunger and satiety in the context of preservation of homeostasis in the human body, but tobacco had a negative effect on Z.
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