Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34942936›Full record

ReviewBrain sciences2021

Biological, Psychological, and Social Determinants of Depression: A Review of Recent Literature.

Olivia Remes, João Francisco Mendes, Peter Templeton

Open access · goldAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Brain sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 195 papers, 10 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
195citing papers in PubMed, 10 pooled it
36.7field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

195 citing papers in PubMed, 10 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 390 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Pooled it
  5. Pooled it
  6. Pooled it
  7. Pooled it
  8. Pooled it
  9. Pooled it
  10. Pooled it
  11. Trial
  12. Trial
  13. Trial
  14. Trial
  15. Article
  16. Leveraging Machine Learning to Uncover Ethnic-Specific Predictors of Maternal Postpartum Depression.Prevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research · 2026
    Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article

135 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Olivia RemesInstitute for Manufacturing, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FS, UK.
João Francisco MendesNOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1099-085 Lisbon, Portugal.
Peter TempletonIfM Engage Limited, Institute for Manufacturing, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FS, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-3939-8282
University of Cambridge · GBUniversidade Nova de Lisboa · PT

Funding

Aviva Foundation NACambridge Philosophical Society NAThe William Templeton Foundation for Young People's Mental Health NA
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Depression is one of the leading causes of disability, and, if left unmanaged, it can increase the risk for suicide. The evidence base on the determinants of depression is fragmented, which makes the interpretation of the results across studies difficult. The objective of this study is to conduct a thorough synthesis of the literature assessing the biological, psychological, and social determinants of depression in order to piece together the puzzle of the key factors that are related to this condition. Titles and abstracts published between 2017 and 2020 were identified in PubMed, as well as Medline, Scopus, and PsycInfo. Key words relating to biological, social, and psychological determinants as well as depression were applied to the databases, and the screening and data charting of the documents took place. We included 470 documents in this literature review. The findings showed that there are a plethora of risk and protective factors (relating to biological, psychological, and social determinants) that are related to depression; these determinants are interlinked and influence depression outcomes through a web of causation. In this paper, we describe and present the vast, fragmented, and complex literature related to this topic. This review may be used to guide practice, public health efforts, policy, and research related to mental health and, specifically, depression.

Indexed as

depressiondeterminantmajor depressive disorderprotective factorreviewrisk factor

Identifiers

PMID34942936
PMCPMC8699555
OpenAlexW4200206491

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.