ReviewBrain sciences2021
Upper Limb Robotic Rehabilitation for Patients with Cervical Spinal Cord Injury: A Comprehensive Review.
Review in Brain sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The evidence landscape, clinical role, and mechanisms of action of robot-assisted injury treatment: a systematic review.Journal of robotic surgery · 2026Pooled it
- Assessing Transparency of Robots, Exoskeletons, and Assistive Devices: A Systematic Review.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Pooled it
- Efficacy of neuromodulation and rehabilitation approaches on pain relief in patients with spinal cord injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2025Pooled it
- Effects of robotic therapy associated with noninvasive brain stimulation on motor function in individuals with incomplete spinal cord injury: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials.The journal of spinal cord medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Review
- Robotic Rehabilitation in Spinal Cord Injury: Neurophysiological Basis and Severity-Based Clinical Framework.Brain sciences · 2026Review
- Effectiveness of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Compared with Standardized Exercise-Based Physiotherapy for Chronic Shoulder Pain Treated with Ultrasound-Guided Corticosteroid Injections: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2026Article
- Article
- From Strength to Dexterity: Clinically Meaningful Recovery of Upper Limb in Individuals with Cervical Spinal Cord Injury.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Effects of Technology-Assisted Rehabilitation After Spinal Cord Injury: Pilot Randomized Controlled Crossover Trial.JMIR rehabilitation and assistive technologies · 2025Article
- NELARABINE-ASSOCIATED CENTRAL NERVOUS NEUROTOXICITY INDUCING GUILLAIN-BARRE-LIKE/MYELOPATHY: INPATIENT REHABILITATION AND FUNCTIONAL OUTCOMES.Journal of rehabilitation medicine. Clinical communications · 2025Article
- Robot-Assisted Therapy in Guillain-Barrè Syndrome: Systematic Review of Primary Evidence and Study Protocol for a Randomized Clinical Trial.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Long-Term Impact of Deep Brain Stimulation in Parkinson's Disease: Does It Affect Rehabilitation Outcomes?Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Article
- Treatment of the Paretic Hand with a Robotic Glove Combined with Physiotherapy in a Patient Suffering from Traumatic Tetraparesis: A Case Report.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- The Efficacity of the NeuroAssist Robotic System for Motor Rehabilitation of the Upper Limb-Promising Results from a Pilot Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- The effectiveness of robotic-assisted upper limb rehabilitation to improve upper limb function in patients with cervical spinal cord injuries: a systematic literature review.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Review
- Article
- Using Artificial Neuro-Molecular System in Robotic Arm Motion Control-Taking Simulation of Rehabilitation as an Example.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
41 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The upper extremities limitation represents one of the essential functional impairments in patients with cervical spinal cord injury. Electromechanics assisted devices and robots are increasingly used in neurorehabilitation to help functional improvement in patients with neurological diseases. This review aimed to systematically report the evidence-based, state-of-art on clinical applications and robotic-assisted arm training (RAT) in motor and functional recovery in subjects affected by cervical spinal cord injury. The present study has been carried out within the framework of the Italian Consensus Conference on "Rehabilitation assisted by robotic and electromechanical devices for persons with disability of neurological origin" (CICERONE). PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) databases were systematically searched from inception to September 2021. The 10-item PEDro scale assessed the study quality for the RCT and the AMSTAR-2 for the systematic review. Two different authors rated the studies included in this review. If consensus was not achieved after discussion, a third reviewer was interrogated. The five-item Oxford CEBM scale was used to rate the level of evidence. A total of 11 studies were included. The selected studies were: two systematic reviews, two RCTs, one parallel-group controlled trial, one longitudinal intervention study and five case series. One RCT was scored as a high-quality study, while the systematic review was of low quality. RAT was reported as feasible and safe. Initial positive effects of RAT were found for arm function and quality of movement in addition to conventional therapy. The high clinical heterogeneity of treatment programs and the variety of robot devices could severely affect the generalizability of the study results. Therefore, future studies are warranted to standardize the type of intervention and evaluate the role of robotic-assisted training in subjects affected by cervical spinal cord injury.
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Registered trials
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