ArticleBrain sciences2021
Associations between Sex Hormones and Circulating Growth Differentiation Factor-15 in Male Patients with Major Depressive Disorder.
Article in Brain sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Role of New Agents and Supportive Care in a Multimodal Approach to Cancer Cachexia.Cancers · 2026Review
- Biopsychosocial correlates of resting and stress-reactive salivary GDF15: preliminary findings.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2025Article
- Transforming growth factor-β superfamily members as potential biomarkers for adolescent major depressive disorder.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Increased GDF-15 in chronic male patients with schizophrenia: correlation with body mass index and cognitive impairment.Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2024Article
- GDF-15 is associated with sarcopenia and frailty in acutely admitted older medical patients.Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2024Article
- Associations of circulating GDF15 with combined cognitive frailty and depression in older adults of the MARK-AGE study.GeroScience · 2024Article
- Associations between serum estradiol and IL-6/sIL-6R/sgp130 complex in female patients with major depressive disorder.BMC psychiatry · 2023Article
- Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) in endocrinology.Endocrine · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The interaction between the endocrine system and inflammation is crucial pathogenesis of depression. Our study aimed at exploring the possible relationship between sex hormones and growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15), a common indicator of inflammation in male patients with major depressive disorder (MDD).
methodsGDF-15 levels of 121 male MDD patients were compared with 105 healthy subjects with the help of a Cobas 8000 automatic chemiluminescence immunoanalyzer.
results(1) MDD patients showed higher GDF-15 levels, a lower testosterone (T) level and testosterone/estradiol ratio (T/E2 ratio) than healthy subjects (all
conclusionThe high level of GDF-15 was correlated with a low T/E2 ratio and T deficiency in male MDD patients. The above results demonstrate that up-regulation of serum GDF-15 and down-regulation of T and T/E2 ratio may be correlated with the occurrence and severity of depression. So, changing the level of GDF-15 by regulating the proportion of sex hormones may play a key role in the prognosis and treatment of depression.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.