Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34942519›Full record

ReviewPoultry science2022

Essential oils and their nanoemulsions as green alternatives to antibiotics in poultry nutrition: a comprehensive review.

Mohamed E Abd El-Hack, Mohamed T El-Saadony, Ahmed M Saad, Heba M Salem, Noha M Ashry, Mahmoud M Abo Ghanima, Mustafa Shukry, Ayman A Swelum, Ayman E Taha, Amira M El-Tahan and 2 more

Open access · goldAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Poultry science, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 73 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
73citing papers in PubMed
20.8field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

73 citing papers in PubMed, 174 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Review
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  5. Article
  6. Article
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  9. Seeder Model Challenge of EmergingPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
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  14. MicroencapsulatedVeterinary world · 2025
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  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. Nano-Encapsulated Cumin Oil andVeterinary sciences · 2025
    Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article

13 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors at 9 institutions in 3 countries.

Mohamed E Abd El-HackDepartment of Poultry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt.
Mohamed T El-SaadonyDepartment of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt.
Ahmed M SaadBiochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt.
Heba M SalemDepartment of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza,12211, Egypt.
Noha M AshryAgricultural Microbiology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Toukh, 13736, Egypt.
Mahmoud M Abo GhanimaDepartment of Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511, Egypt.
Mustafa ShukryDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516, Egypt.
Ayman A SwelumDepartment of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt.
Ayman E TahaDepartment of Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina, 22758, Egypt.
Amira M El-TahanPlant Production Department, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, The City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, SRTA-City, Borg El Arab, Alexandria, Egypt.
Synan F AbuQamarDepartment of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, 15551, United Arab Emirates.
Khaled A El-TarabilyDepartment of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, 15551, United Arab Emirates; Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, 6150, Western Australia, Australia. Electronic address: ktarabily@uaeu.ac.ae.
Zagazig University · EGAlexandria University · EGBenha University · EGCairo University · EGCity of Scientific Research and Technological Applications · EGDamanhour University · EGKafrelsheikh University · EGMurdoch University · AUUnited Arab Emirates University · AE

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Increasing market pressure to reduce the use of antibiotics and the Veterinary Feed Directive of 2019 have led to expanded research on alternate antibiotic solutions. This review aimed to assess the benefits of using essential oils (EOs) and their nanoemulsions (NEs) as feed supplements for poultry and their potential use as antibiotic alternatives in organic poultry production. Antibiotics are commonly used to enhance the growth and prevent diseases in poultry animals due to their antimicrobial activities. EOs are a complex mixture of volatile compounds derived from plants and manufactured via various fermentation, extraction, and steam distillation methods. EOs are categorized into 2 groups of compounds: terpenes and phenylpropenes. Differences among various EOs depend on the source plant type, physical and chemical soil conditions, harvest time, plant maturity, drying technology used, storage conditions, and extraction time. EOs can be used for therapeutic purposes in various situations in broiler production as they possess antibacterial, antifungal, antiparasitic, and antiviral activities. Several studies have been conducted using various combinations of EOs or crude extracts of their bioactive compounds to investigate their complexity and applications in organic poultry production. NEs are carrier systems that can be used to overcome the volatile nature of EOs, which is a major factor limiting their application. NEs are being progressively used to improve the bioavailability of the volatile lipophilic components of EOs. This review discusses the use of these nonantibiotic alternatives as antibiotics for poultry feed in organic poultry production.

Indexed as

Anti-Infective AgentsOils, VolatileAnimalsAnti-Bacterial AgentsChickensPoultryAnti-Bacterial AgentsAnti-Infective AgentsOils, Volatileantibiotic alternativesessential oilsnanoemulsionsorganic poultry

Identifiers

PMID34942519
PMCPMC8695362
OpenAlexW3211566057

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.