ArticleToxins2021
Prevalence of Mycotoxins and Endotoxins in Total Mixed Rations and Different Types of Ensiled Forages for Dairy Cows in Lithuania.
Article in Toxins, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed.
- Microbiological Status of Grass Silages in Relation to Agricultural Practices: A Four-Year Study.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Microbiological Quality of Maize Silage in Relation to Agricultural Practices: A Four-Year Study.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Occurrence of Co-Contamination and Interaction of Multi-Mycotoxins in Dairy Cow Feed in China.Toxins · 2025Article
- Fermentative profile and bacterial community structure of whole-plant triticale silage (mSphere · 2025Article
- Co-Occurrence of Mycotoxins in the Diet and in the Milk of Dairy Cows from the Southeast Region of Brazil.Toxins · 2024Article
- Monitoring Mycotoxin Exposure in Food-Producing Animals (Cattle, Pig, Poultry, and Sheep).Toxins · 2024Review
- Article
- Co-occurrence of mycotoxins and other fungal metabolites in total mixed rations of cows from dairy farms in Punjab, Pakistan.Mycotoxin research · 2023Article
- Use of polypyrrole ferrite microparticles and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry for testing natural grass contamination by multiclass mycotoxins.Mikrochimica acta · 2023Article
- Novel Insights into Total Flavonoids ofAntioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Article
- Research progress on distribution and exposure risk of microbial aerosols in animal houses.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2022Review
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7 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
In this study, 119 samples of total mixed rations and different types of ensiled forage (maize and grass silage, and haylage) collected in 2019-2020 from dairy farms in Lithuania were analyzed to evaluate the quantitative occurrence of mycotoxins and endotoxins. Samples were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a fluorescent (FLD) and an ultraviolet detector (UV) of mycotoxins and a detection assay based on the ELISA technology for endotoxins. The study included toxins regulated within the European Union (aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), zearalenone (ZEA), deoxynivalenol (DON) and T-2 toxin) and nonregulated toxins (endotoxins). Mycotoxin analysis showed that 49.58% of the samples out of 119 were positive for AFB1, 52.11% for ZEA and DON, 55.47% for T-2 toxin and 84.04% for endotoxins. In the contaminated samples, the highest mean values of AFB1 and T-2 toxin were determined in the grass silage samples, while ZEA and DON-were determined in the maize silage samples. Maize silage samples had the highest ZEA and DON concentrations, exceeding the EU maximum permissible concentration limits. In the haylage samples, AFB1 mycotoxin exceeded the maximum concentration limits. The highest mean value of endotoxins was determined in the total mixed rations samples. This is the first study to provide information about the concentrations of mycotoxins and endotoxins in total mixed rations and different types of ensiled forages for dairy cows in Lithuania.
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