ArticleToxins2021
Effect of Botulinum Toxin Injection on the Progression of Hip Dislocation in Patients with Spastic Cerebral Palsy: A Pilot Study.
Article in Toxins, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
- Efficacy of a Hip Brace for Hip Displacement in Children With Cerebral Palsy: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2022Trial
- [Neurogenic hip dysplasia and hip dislocation : Pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and management in the context of cerebral palsy].Orthopadie (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Review
- Longitudinal relationship between hip displacement and hip function in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy: A scoping review.Developmental medicine and child neurology · 2025Article
- Reviewing the reliability of revised Melbourne Cerebral Palsy Hip Classification System across different medical specialties.Joint diseases and related surgery · 2025Article
- The state of the art in therapeutic administration of botulinum toxin in children with cerebral palsy: an integrative review.Revista paulista de pediatria : orgao oficial da Sociedade de Pediatria de Sao Paulo · 2024Review
- Application of 3D scanner to measure physical size and improvement of hip brace manufacturing technology in severe cerebral palsy patients.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Review
- Hip Surveillance and Management of Hip Displacement in Children with Cerebral Palsy: Clinical and Ethical Dilemmas.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Hip adductor spasticity is a contributing factor to hip dislocation in patients with cerebral palsy (CP). We hypothesized that botulinum toxin injected into the hip adductor muscles would reduce spasticity and help prevent hip dislocation. Twenty patients with bilateral spastic CP aged 2 to 10 years with gross motor function classification system level IV or V were included. Botulinum toxin was injected into the hip adductor muscles at baseline and at 6-month follow-up. Muscle tone was measured with an eight-channel surface electromyography (EMG) recorder. A hip X-ray was performed, and Reimer's hip migration index (MI) was measured. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare the surface EMG values of the hip muscles at baseline and follow-up. The mean root mean square surface EMG value of the hip adductor muscles was significantly reduced at 1, 2, 3, and 7 months after the first injection, up to approximately 53% of the baseline. The 1-year progression of the hip MI was -0.04%. Repeated sessions of botulinum toxin injections at the hip adductor muscles significantly reduced muscle tone and hip displacement. A botulinum toxin injection may be used as an adjunctive treatment in the prevention of hip dislocation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.