Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34941660›Full record

ArticleTropical medicine and infectious disease2021

An Intra-COVID-19 Assessment of Hand Hygiene Facility, Policy and Staff Compliance in Two Hospitals in Sierra Leone: Is There a Difference between Regional and Capital City Hospitals?

Sulaiman Lakoh, Emmanuel Firima, Christine Ellen Elleanor Williams, Sarah K Conteh, Mohamed Boie Jalloh, Mohamed Gbeshay Sheku, Olukemi Adekanmbi, Stephen Sevalie, Sylvia Adama Kamara, Mohamed Akmed Salim Kamara and 15 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Tropical medicine and infectious disease, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
17citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

17 citing papers in PubMed.

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  12. Infection Prevention and Control: Practical and Educational Advances.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2022
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

25 authors.

Sulaiman LakohCollege of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of Sierra Leone, Freetown, Sierra Leone.
Emmanuel FirimaClinical Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, CH-4051 Basel, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0002-5797-2607
Christine Ellen Elleanor WilliamsMinistry of Health and Sanitation, Government of Sierra Leone, Freetown, Sierra Leone.ORCID 0000-0001-7858-2854
Sarah K ContehMinistry of Health and Sanitation, Government of Sierra Leone, Freetown, Sierra Leone.
Mohamed Boie JallohCollege of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of Sierra Leone, Freetown, Sierra Leone.
Mohamed Gbeshay ShekuMinistry of Health and Sanitation, Government of Sierra Leone, Freetown, Sierra Leone.
Olukemi AdekanmbiDepartment of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200005, Nigeria.
Stephen SevalieCollege of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of Sierra Leone, Freetown, Sierra Leone.
Sylvia Adama Kamara34 Military Hospital, Freetown, Sierra Leone.
Mohamed Akmed Salim Kamara34 Military Hospital, Freetown, Sierra Leone.
Umu BarrieInfectious Disease Research Network, Freetown, Sierra Leone.
Gladys Nanilla Kamara34 Military Hospital, Freetown, Sierra Leone.
Le YiChangchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China.
Xuejun GuoChangchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China.
Chukwuemeka HaffnerMinistry of Health and Sanitation, Government of Sierra Leone, Freetown, Sierra Leone.ORCID 0000-0002-1070-2343
Matilda N KamaraCollege of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of Sierra Leone, Freetown, Sierra Leone.
Darlinda F JibaMinistry of Health and Sanitation, Government of Sierra Leone, Freetown, Sierra Leone.
Enanga Sonia NamanagaMinistry of Health and Sanitation, Government of Sierra Leone, Freetown, Sierra Leone.
Anna MarutaWorld Health Organization Country Office, Freetown, Sierra Leone.ORCID 0000-0002-6417-7273
Christiana KallonMinistry of Health and Sanitation, Government of Sierra Leone, Freetown, Sierra Leone.
Joseph Sam KanuCollege of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of Sierra Leone, Freetown, Sierra Leone.ORCID 0000-0003-0799-6907
Gibrilla F DeenCollege of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of Sierra Leone, Freetown, Sierra Leone.
Mohamed SamaiCollege of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of Sierra Leone, Freetown, Sierra Leone.
Joseph Chukwudi OkeibunorWorld Health Organization Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville P.O. Box 06, Congo.ORCID 0000-0002-6696-8503
James B W RussellCollege of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of Sierra Leone, Freetown, Sierra Leone.

Funding

World Health Organization 001
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Although hand hygiene (HH) is the most effective intervention to reduce the spread of infections, there are limited data on HH facilities, policy, and compliance in sub-Saharan Africa. This cross-sectional study is aimed at assessing HH using the WHO HH self-assessment framework, HH technical reference manual, and a modified infection control self-assessment tool in two hospitals in Sierra Leone. Only 10% and 9% of regional and capital city hospitals had running tap water, respectively. Veronica buckets were the resources for HH in 89% of units in the regional hospital and 92% of units in capital city hospital. Constant supply of soap and alcohol-based hand rub was available in 82% and 68%; and 74% and 79% of units in the capital city and regional hospitals, respectively. Only 10% of the units in both hospitals had hand-drying facilities and functional sinks. Overall HH compliance for the two hospitals was 18.6% and was higher in the regional (20.8%) than the capital city (17.0%) hospitals. The HH levels for the capital city and regional hospitals were 277.5 and 262.5 respectively. Despite the COVID-19 pandemic, there are still challenges with HH compliance in Sierra Leone. It is, therefore, necessary to strengthen the HH multi-modal strategy.

Indexed as

alcohol-based hand rubcompliancehand hygienehand washingSierra Leone

Identifiers

PMID34941660
PMCPMC8705290

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.