Guinea Pig Model of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection.

Guinea pigs have been used as a model for Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection for many years and have been more recently adopted as a model for testing new tuberculosis (TB) vaccines. From the time of Robert Koch, who used guinea pigs to test theories about the newly discovered pathogen, the guinea pig has modeled active human infections, as it is susceptible to infection with low numbers of organisms. This article describes the modern use of the guinea pig to examine the pathology of the disease and the protocols used to examine specific outcomes associated with aerosol infection with virulent M. tuberculosis. The guinea pig is used extensively to investigate the ability of new TB vaccines to reduce TB disease, and two models have been employed. The first is the long-term disease model, in which vaccinated guinea pigs are monitored for disease after infection, and the second is the short-term assessment of mycobacterial burden model, which can determine the ability of a vaccine to reduce organism burden. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Preparation of virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis seed stocks for animal infections Basic Protocol 2: Preparation of virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis working stocks for animal infections Basic Protocol 3: Preparation of M. tuberculosis for aerosol infection of guinea pigs Basic Protocol 4: Injection of guinea pigs Basic Protocol 5: Blood collection from live guinea pigs Basic Protocol 6: Guinea pig euthanasia.