ReviewScandinavian journal of immunology2021
Intravenous immunoglobulin as an important adjunct in the prevention and therapy of coronavirus 2019 disease.
Review in Scandinavian journal of immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Research Advances and Biological Features of IgA for Immune-Related Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- The many faces of cytokine storm syndrome: immunopathogenic mechanisms and clinical implications for a better patient management.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2026Review
- COVID-19-associated Autoimmune and Inflammatory Diseases: Molecular Mechanisms and the Role of IVIG Therapy.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2025Review
- Soluble IL-2R: A potential therapeutic target for mitochondrial dysfunction in post-COVID fatigue syndrome.Clinical and translational medicine · 2025Article
- The characteristic change of autoimmune encephalitis after the COVID-19 epidemic in Guangxi, China.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Review
- Neuropsychiatric Symptoms and Tick-Borne Diseases.Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2023Article
- A Molecular Biomarker-Based Triage Approach for Targeted Treatment of Post-COVID-19 Syndrome Patients with Persistent Neurological or Neuropsychiatric Symptoms.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2023Article
- Efficacy of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) on COVID-19-related neurological disorders over the last 2 years: an up-to-date narrative review.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Review
- Should treatment of hypogammaglobulinemia with immunoglobulin replacement therapy (IgRT) become standard of care in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia?Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- The Role of Exposomes in the Pathophysiology of Autoimmune Diseases II: Pathogens.Pathophysiology : the official journal of the International Society for Pathophysiology · 2022Review
- SARS-COV-2 Infection, Vaccination, and Immune-Mediated Diseases: Results of a Single-Center Retrospective Study.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Observational
- Impact of Hypogammaglobulinemia on the Course of COVID-19 in a Non-Intensive Care Setting: A Single-Center Retrospective Cohort Study.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Long-term high-dose immunoglobulin successfully treats Long COVID patients with pulmonary, neurologic, and cardiologic symptoms.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Intravenous immunoglobulin as an important adjunct in the prevention and therapy of coronavirus 2019 disease.Scandinavian journal of immunology · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) challenged globally with its morbidity and mortality. A small percentage of affected patients (20%) progress into the second stage of the disease clinically presenting with severe or fatal involvement of lung, heart and vascular system, all contributing to multiple-organ failure. The so-called 'cytokines storm' is considered the pathogenic basis of severe disease and it is a target for treatment with corticosteroids, immunotherapies and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg). We provide an overview of the role of IVIg in the therapy of adult patients with COVID-19 disease. After discussing the possible underlying mechanisms of IVIg immunomodulation in COVID-19 disease, we review the studies in which IVIg was employed. Considering the latest evidence that show a link between new coronavirus and autoimmunity, we also discuss the use of IVIg in COVID-19 and anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination related autoimmune diseases and the post-COVID-19 syndrome. The benefit of high-dose IVIg is evident in almost all studies with a rapid response, a reduction in mortality and improved pulmonary function in critically ill COVID-19 patients. It seems that an early administration of IVIg is crucial for a successful outcome. Studies' limitations are represented by the small number of patients, the lack of control groups in some and the heterogeneity of included patients. IVIg treatment can reduce the stay in ICU and the demand for mechanical ventilation, thus contributing to attenuate the burden of the disease.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.