ReviewJournal of materials science. Materials in medicine2021
Research progress on the biological modifications of implant materials in 3D printed intervertebral fusion cages.
Review in Journal of materials science. Materials in medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Nanoscale Morphologies on the Surface of 3D-Printed Titanium Implants for Improved Osseointegration: A Systematic Review of the Literature.International journal of nanomedicine · 2023Pooled it
- Low frequency sinusoidal electromagnetic field accelerating intervertebral fusion through YAP/β-catenin axis.Stem cell research & therapy · 2026Article
- Ex vivo mechanical evaluation of anatomically and mechanically conforming patient-specific lumbar spinal fusion cages designed by full-scale topology optimization.North American Spine Society journal · 2026Article
- Integrating Structures and Biology: Cellular and Molecular Interactions with Functionally Graded Spinal Cage Designs.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Three-Dimensional Printing of a Spinal Interbody: Design Principles, Biomaterials, and Translational Considerations.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2026Review
- Mechanobiology of intervertebral disc degeneration: From pathological mechanisms to therapeutic approaches.Mechanobiology in medicine · 2025Review
- A Systematic Review of Metal Composite Bone Grafts in Preclinical Spinal Fusion Models.Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Preclinical evaluation of lateral interbody fusions using 3D printed PEEK or 3D printed titanium cages.North American Spine Society journal · 2025Article
- 4D printing polymeric biomaterials for adaptive tissue regeneration.Bioactive materials · 2025Review
- Bone fusion materials: past, present, and future.Asian spine journal · 2025Article
- 4D Printing of Multifunctional and Biodegradable PLA-PBAT-FeMacromolecular rapid communications · 2025Article
- The rational design, biofunctionalization and biological properties of orthopedic porous titanium implants: a review.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2025Review
- Tomographic Assessment of Fusion Rate, Implant-Endplate Contact Area, Subsidence, and Alignment With Lumbar Personalized Interbody Implants at 1-Year Follow-Up.International journal of spine surgery · 2024Article
- Effect and mechanism of paclitaxel loaded on magnetic FeDrug delivery · 2023Article
- 3D printing metal implants in orthopedic surgery: Methods, applications and future prospects.Journal of orthopaedic translation · 2023Review
- 4D Printing in Biomedical Engineering: Advancements, Challenges, and Future Directions.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2023Review
- Biomechanical performance of the novel assembled uncovertebral joint fusion cage in single-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion: A finite element analysis.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2023Article
- 3D printing in spine care: A review of current applications.Journal of clinical orthopaedics and trauma · 2022Article
- Comparison of radiological and clinical outcomes of 3D-printed artificial vertebral body with Titanium mesh cage in single-level anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion: A meta-analysis.Frontiers in surgery · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Anterior spine decompression and reconstruction with bone grafts and fusion is a routine spinal surgery. The intervertebral fusion cage can maintain intervertebral height and provide a bone graft window. Titanium fusion cages are the most widely used metal material in spinal clinical applications. However, there is a certain incidence of complications in clinical follow-ups, such as pseudoarticulation formation and implant displacement due to nonfusion of bone grafts in the cage. With the deepening research on metal materials, the properties of these materials have been developed from being biologically inert to having biological activity and biological functionalization, promoting adhesion, cell differentiation, and bone fusion. In addition, 3D printing, thin-film, active biological material, and 4D bioprinting technology are also being used in the biofunctionalization and intelligent advanced manufacturing processes of implant devices in the spine. This review focuses on the biofunctionalization of implant materials in 3D printed intervertebral fusion cages. The surface modifications of implant materials in metal endoscopy, material biocompatibility, and bioactive functionalizationare summarized. Furthermore, the prospects and challenges of the biofunctionalization of implant materials in spinal surgery are discussed. Fig.a.b.c.d.e.f.g As a pre-selected image for the cover, I really look forward to being selected. Special thanks to you for your comments.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.