ArticleeLife2021
Extent, impact, and mitigation of batch effects in tumor biomarker studies using tissue microarrays.
Article in eLife, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed.
- From case-control averages to validated subgroups: Interpreting inflammatory and neuroaxonal-injury biomarkers in schizophrenia and major depression.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Review
- From Biomarker Discovery to Targeted Clinical Application: Addressing Translational Gaps in Early Cancer Detection.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Quantitative digital pathology reveals morphological and molecular correlates of tumor aggressiveness in prostate cancer.International urology and nephrology · 2026Article
- Digital quantification of stroma percentage enhances prognostic stratification in pancreatic cancer.Surgery open science · 2026Article
- Tumor Cholesterol Synthesis, Statin Use, and Lethal Prostate Cancer.Molecular cancer research : MCR · 2025Article
- PRISM: a Python package for interactive and integrated analysis of multiplexed tissue microarrays.NAR genomics and bioinformatics · 2025Article
- Biomarkers of Oxidative and Mitochondrial Stress Are Associated With Accelerated Pace of Aging at Midlife in a Birth Cohort.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2025Article
- BEEx Is an Open-Source Tool That Evaluates Batch Effects in Medical Images to Enable Multicenter Studies.Cancer research · 2025Article
- Intratumoral vitamin D signaling and lethal prostate cancer.Carcinogenesis · 2024Article
- Article
- Blood transcriptomic signatures for symptomatic tuberculosis in an African multicohort study.The European respiratory journal · 2024Article
- Measurement of Ovarian Tumor Immune Profiles by Multiplex Immunohistochemistry: Implications for Epidemiologic Studies.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2023Article
- Optimizing human performance in extreme environments through precision medicine: From spaceflight to high-performance operations on Earth.Cambridge prisms. Precision medicine · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Tissue microarrays (TMAs) have been used in thousands of cancer biomarker studies. To what extent batch effects, measurement error in biomarker levels between slides, affects TMA-based studies has not been assessed systematically. We evaluated 20 protein biomarkers on 14 TMAs with prospectively collected tumor tissue from 1448 primary prostate cancers. In half of the biomarkers, more than 10% of biomarker variance was attributable to between-TMA differences (range, 1-48%). We implemented different methods to mitigate batch effects (R package
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.