ArticleKidney medicine
Glomerular C4d Deposition and Kidney Disease Progression in IgA Nephropathy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
Article in Kidney medicine. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Complement and kidney diseases: unlocking the opportunity of targeted treatments for glomerular diseases, including IgA nephropathy.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2026Review
- Evolving therapeutic landscape of immunoglobulin A nephropathy: targeted immune pathways and novel therapies.Kidney research and clinical practice · 2026Article
- Glomerular plasmalemma vesicle-associated protein-1 as an endothelial remodelling marker complementing C4d in chronic active antibody-mediated rejection.Histopathology · 2026Article
- IgA nephropathy: an overview of the disease, its pathophysiology, and involvement of the gut-kidney axis.Kidney international supplements · 2026Review
- Biomarkers in the Management of Complement-Mediated Kidney Diseases in the Era of Complement Therapeutics.Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN · 2026Review
- Article
- Complement Dysregulation in Kidney Diseases: Mechanisms, Biomarkers, and Emerging Targeted Therapies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- The Complement System in ANCA-Associated Vasculitis: Mechanistic Insights, Therapeutic Horizons, and Unmet Clinical Needs.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2026Review
- Breaking tolerance in the glomerulus: complement as a driver and therapeutic target in IgA nephropathy.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- Complement biomarkers in IgA nephropathy: current insights and clinical relevance.Frontiers in nephrology · 2026Review
- Research progress on the lectin pathway of complement in IgA nephropathy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- An observational study on mesangial C4d staining as a prognostic tool in IgA nephropathy.Journal of nephrology · 2025Observational
- Contemporary Perspectives on Chronic Renal Disorders.Chronic diseases and translational medicine · 2025Review
- C4d Is an Independent Predictor of the Kidney Failure in Primary IgA Nephropathy.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Systematic Review of the Link Between Oxford MEST-C Classification and Complement Activation in IgA Nephropathy.Kidney international reports · 2024Article
- Evaluating Progression Risk in Patients With Immunoglobulin A Nephropathy.Kidney international reports · 2023Review
- The role of complement in kidney disease.Nature reviews. Nephrology · 2023Review
- Targeting complement in IgA nephropathy.Clinical kidney journal · 2023Review
- Challenges in IgA Nephropathy Management: An Era of Complement Inhibition.Kidney international reports · 2023Review
- Association between glomerular C4d deposition, proteinuria, and disease severity in children with IgA nephropathy.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundGlomerular deposition of C4d is a widely used biomarker for activation of the lectin pathway in the complement system and is reported to be associated with kidney progression in immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN). The aim of this study was to evaluate whether glomerular C4d deposition, as a new biomarker, improves the prediction of kidney prognosis in IgAN. STUDY
designSystematic review and meta-analysis. SETTING & POPULATION: Patients with biopsy-proven primary IgAN without age limitations.Selection Criteria for Studies: Cross-sectional or cohort studies reporting the prevalence of glomerular C4d deposition or evaluating its association with IgAN progression. PREDICTOR: Glomerular C4d deposition. OUTCOME: Composite progression event of a >30% decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate or end-stage kidney disease.
results12 studies with 1,251 patients were included. The prevalence of glomerular C4d deposition was 34% (95% CI, 27%-41%), with large heterogeneity ( LIMITATIONS: The definition of positive C4d was not uniform and not all studies provided data about kidney outcomes.
conclusionsGlomerular C4d deposition is associated with an adverse prognosis and may be a useful biomarker of disease prediction in IgAN.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.