ArticleAWWA water science2021
Managing and treating per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in membrane concentrates.
Article in AWWA water science, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed.
- Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS): persistence, toxicity, and emerging solutions.Bioprocess and biosystems engineering · 2026Review
- Caffeine, riboflavin and curcumin amended clays for PFAS binding.Computers & chemical engineering · 2025Article
- Comparative Analysis of Commercial and Novel High-Pressure Membranes for Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) Removal.Water environment research : a research publication of the Water Environment Federation · 2025Review
- Functionalized Porous Polymer Networks as High-Performance PFAS Adsorbents.Journal of the American Chemical Society · 2025Article
- Article
- Comparative evaluation of PFAS-selective adsorbents in hard-to-treat residual waste streams.Chemical engineering journal (Lausanne, Switzerland : 1996) · 2025Article
- Enzymatic Degradation of PFAS: Current Status and Ongoing Challenges.ChemSusChem · 2025Review
- Electroless Deposition for Robust and Uniform Copper Nanoparticles on Electrospun Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) Microfiltration Membranes.Membranes · 2024Article
- Microfiltration Membrane Pore Functionalization with Primary and Quaternary Amines for PFAS Remediation: Capture, Regeneration, and Reuse.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- PFAS in Nigeria: Identifying data gaps that hinder assessments of ecotoxicological and human health impacts.Heliyon · 2024Review
- Electrocatalytic water treatment of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances reduces adsorbable organofluorine and bioaccumulation potential.RSC advances · 2024Article
- The Future of Municipal Wastewater Reuse Concentrate Management: Drivers, Challenges, and Opportunities.Environmental science & technology · 2024Review
- Impact of phosphate addition on PFAS treatment performance for drinking water.AWWA water science · 2023Article
- The Minus Approach Can Redefine the Standard of Practice of Drinking Water Treatment.Environmental science & technology · 2023Review
- The use of gas chromatography - high resolution mass spectrometry for suspect screening and non-targeted analysis of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances.Journal of chromatography. A · 2023Article
- A review on membrane concentrate management from landfill leachate treatment plants: The relevance of resource recovery to close the leachate treatment loop.Waste management & research : the journal of the International Solid Wastes and Public Cleansing Association, ISWA · 2023Review
- Removal of perfluoroalkyl acids and common drinking water contaminants by weak-base anion exchange resins: Impacts of solution pH and resin properties.Water research X · 2022Article
- Review
- Pilot-Scale Continuous Foam Fractionation for the Removal of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) from Landfill Leachate.ACS ES&T water · 2022Article
- High-pressure membrane filtration processes for separation of Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS).Chemical engineering journal (Lausanne, Switzerland : 1996) · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
16 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), which are present in many waters, have detrimental impacts on human health and the environment. Reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF) have shown excellent PFAS separation performance in water treatment; however, these membrane systems do not destroy PFAS but produce concentrated residual streams that need to be managed. Complete destruction of PFAS in RO and NF concentrate streams is ideal, but long-term sequestration strategies are also employed. Because no single technology is adequate for all situations, a range of processes are reviewed here that hold promise as components of treatment schemes for PFAS-laden membrane system concentrates. Attention is also given to relevant concentration processes because it is beneficial to reduce concentrate volume prior to PFAS destruction or sequestration. Given the costs and challenges of managing PFAS in membrane concentrates, it is critical to evaluate both established and emerging technologies in selecting processes for immediate use and continued research.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.