ArticleHealth science reports2021
Multilevel modeling, prevalence, and predictors of hypertension in Ghana: Evidence from Wave 2 of the World Health Organization's Study on global AGEing and adult health.
Article in Health science reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Understanding the factors associated with hypertension in the Western Himalaya: a GIS integrated analysis.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Article
- Factors affecting blood sugar changes in diabetic patients using a three-level model in analysis of longitudinal data.Caspian journal of internal medicine · 2024Article
- A multilevel analysis of the predictors of health facility delivery in Ghana: Evidence from the 2014 Demographic and Health Survey.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- Assessing body mass index stages, individual diabetes and hypertension history effects on the risk of developing hypertension among Ghanaians: A cross-sectional study.Health science reports · 2023Article
- Predictors of mosquito bed net use among children under-fives in Ghana: a multilevel analysis of the 2019 malaria indicator survey.Malaria journal · 2023Article
- Examining the risk factors for overweight and obesity among women in Ghana: A multilevel perspective.Heliyon · 2023Article
- Joint modelling of systolic and diastolic blood pressure and its associated factors among women in Ghana: Multivariate response multilevel modelling methods.PLOS global public health · 2023Article
- Article
- Prevalence and Associated Factors of Hypertension among Women in Southern Ghana: Evidence from 2014 GDHS.International journal of hypertension · 2022Article
- Multilevel modeling, prevalence, and predictors of hypertension in Ghana: Evidence from Wave 2 of the World Health Organization's Study on global AGEing and adult health.Health science reports · 2021Article
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2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
aimsHypertension is a major public health issue, an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and stroke, especially in developing countries where the rates remain unacceptably high. In Africa, hypertension is the leading driver of cardiovascular disease and stroke deaths. Identification of critical risk factors of hypertension can help formulate targeted public health programs and policies aimed at reducing the prevalence and its associated morbidity, disability, and mortality. This study attempts to develop multilevel regression, an in-depth statistical model to identify critical risk factors of hypertension.
methodsThis study used data on 4667 individuals aged ≥18 years from the nationally representative World Health Organization Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE) Ghana Wave 2 conducted in 2014/2015. Multilevel regression modeling was employed to identify critical risk factors for hypertension based on systolic blood pressure (SBP) (ie, SBP > 140 mmHg). Of the 4667, 27.3% were hypertensive. Final data on 4381 individuals residing in 3790 households were analyzed using multilevel models, and results were presented as adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and their associated 95% confidence intervals (CI).
resultsRisk factors for hypertension identified were age (aOR) = 5.4, 95% CI: 4.11-7.09), obesity (aOR = 1.51, 95% CI: 1.19-1.91), marital status (aOR = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.64-0.89), perceived health state (moderate; aOR = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.15-1.65 and bad/very bad; aOR = 1.35, 95% CI: 1.0-1.83), and difficulty with self-care (aOR = 1.64, 95% CI: 1.1-2.44). We found unobserved significant differences in the likelihood of hypertension prevalence between different households.
conclusionAddressing the problem of obesity, targeting specific interventions to those aged over 50 years, and improvement in the general health of Ghanaians are paramount to reducing the prevalence and its associated morbidity, disability, and mortality. Lifestyle modification in the form of dietary intake, knowledge provision supported with strong public health message, and political will could be beneficial to the management and prevention of hypertension.
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