ReviewFrontiers in immunology2021
Perspective of HLA-G Induced Immunosuppression in SARS-CoV-2 Infection.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Human Leukocyte Antigen-G is enriched in presence of trypanosome in the dermis of individuals exposed to gambiense Human African Trypanosomiasis in Guinea and Côte d'Ivoire.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- Characterization and Clinical Diagnostic Potential of IHRDEGs in Renal Interstitial Fibrosis: An Integrative Data Analysis and Model Construction Study.Journal of inflammation research · 2026Article
- HLA-G in Hematological Malignancies: Immunoregulatory Mechanisms and Implications for Immune Evasion and Immunotherapy.Journal of immunology research · 2026Review
- MSCohi-O lenses attenuate corneal transplant rejection via HLA-G5 driven Treg cell expansion.BMC ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Relationships Between Polymorphisms in HLA-G 3'UTR Region and COVID-19 Disease Severity.Biochemical genetics · 2025Article
- Integrated bioinformatic analysis reveals the underlying mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes-related biomarkers for atrial fibrillation.Frontiers in physiology · 2025Article
- PGRMC2 and HLA-G regulate immune homeostasis in a microphysiological model of human maternal-fetal membrane interface.Communications biology · 2024Article
- Dexamethasone promotes renal fibrosis by upregulating ILT4 expression in myeloid-derived suppressor cells.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2024Article
- Acute Appendicitis Following COVID-19 Infection in Pediatric Patients: A Single Center's Study in Greece.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Integrative multi-omics approach for identifying molecular signatures and pathways and deriving and validating molecular scores for COVID-19 severity and status.BMC genomics · 2023Article
- The immunogenetics of COVID-19.Immunogenetics · 2023Review
- Article
- Post-COVID sequelae effect in chronic fatigue syndrome: SARS-CoV-2 triggers latent adenovirus in the oral mucosa.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Article
- A review of the main genetic factors influencing the course of COVID-19 in Sardinia: the role of human leukocyte antigen-G.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Therapeutic Effects of HLA-G5 Overexpressing hAMSCs on aGVHD After Allo-HSCT: Involving in the Gut Microbiota at the Intestinal Barrier.Journal of inflammation research · 2023Article
- The Severity of COVID-19 Affects the Plasma Soluble Levels of the Immune Checkpoint HLA-G Molecule.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- HLA-G 14-bp insertion/deletion polymorphism and risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among Iraqi patients.Human immunology · 2022Article
- The Evolution of Blood Cell Phenotypes, Intracellular and Plasma Cytokines and Morphological Changes in Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients.Biomedicines · 2022Article
- Immunomodulatory Potential of Non-Classical HLA-G in Infections including COVID-19 and Parasitic Diseases.Biomolecules · 2022Article
- Cellular stress modulates severity of the inflammatory response in lungsFrontiers in immunology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
COVID-19, the disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has threatened public health worldwide. Host antiviral immune responses are essential for viral clearance and disease control, however, remarkably decreased immune cell numbers and exhaustion of host cellular immune responses are commonly observed in patients with COVID-19. This is of concern as it is closely associated with disease severity and poor outcomes. Human leukocyte antigen-G (HLA-G) is a ligand for multiple immune inhibitory receptors, whose expression can be upregulated by viral infections. HLA-G/receptor signalling, such as engagement with immunoglobulin-like transcript 2 (ILT-2) or ILT-4, not only inhibit T and natural killer (NK) cell immune responses, dendritic cell (DC) maturation, and B cell antibody production. It also induces regulatory cells such as myeloid-derived suppressive cells (MDSCs), or M2 type macrophages. Moreover, HLA-G interaction with CD8 and killer inhibitory receptor (KIR) 2DL4 can provoke T cell apoptosis and NK cell senescence. In this context, HLA-G can induce profound immune suppression, which favours the escape of SARS-CoV-2 from immune attack. Although detailed knowledge on the clinical relevance of HLA-G in SARS-CoV-2 infection is limited, we herein review the immunopathological aspects of HLA-G/receptor signalling in SARS-CoV-2 infection, which could provide a better understanding of COVID-19 disease progression and identify potential immunointerventions to counteract SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Registered trials
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