ReviewFrontiers in neuroscience2021
Gut Microbiome, Inflammation, and Cerebrovascular Function: Link Between Obesity and Cognition.
Review in Frontiers in neuroscience, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Effects of Prebiotic Dietary Fibers, Probiotics, and Synbiotics on Gut Permeability and Immunity: A Systematic Review.Iranian journal of medical sciences · 2025Pooled it
- Disturbed Spatial Learning and Hippocampal Molecular and Histological Alterations in Middle-Aged Rats with a History of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.International journal of endocrinology and metabolism · 2027Article
- Article
- Association of central adiposity indices with cognitive impairment in elderly populations: Development and validation of a risk prediction nomogram using NHANES and CHARLS cohorts.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2026Article
- Obesity-induced cognitive impairment: Underlying mechanisms and therapeutic prospects.Metabolism open · 2026Review
- Sex Differences in the Association Between Body Composition and Cognitive Performance in Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes.Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews · 2026Observational
- Obesity-induced cofilin1 pathway dysregulation: Possible molecular links between neuroinflammation, cognitive decline, and Alzheimer's disease biomarkers.IBRO neuroscience reports · 2025Article
- Obesity, Hypertension and Brain Health.Current hypertension reports · 2025Review
- Impacts of systemic milieu on cerebrovascular and brain aging: insights from heterochronic parabiosis, blood exchange, and plasma transfer experiments.GeroScience · 2025Review
- Executive Function Response to Moderate-to-High-Intensity Rope Skipping in Overweight Adolescents Aged 12-14: A Preliminary Study.Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2025Article
- Associations Between Obesity-Related Metabolic Phenotypes, Metabolic Transitions, and Cognitive Function in Middle-Aged and Older Adults in China.Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare · 2025Article
- Obesity as Inducer of Cognitive Function Decline via Dysbiosis of Gut Microbiota in Rats.Brain sciences · 2024Article
- Article
- Association between gut permeability, brain volume, and cognition in healthy participants and patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorder.Brain and behavior · 2023Article
- Impact of White Adipose Tissue on Brain Structure, Perfusion, and Cognitive Function in Patients With Severe Obesity: The BARICO Study.Neurology · 2023Article
- Bariatric Surgery and Gut-Brain-Axis Driven Alterations in Cognition and Inflammation.Journal of inflammation research · 2023Review
- Editorial: Surgical Weight Loss and Cognition in Obesity.The journal of nutrition, health & aging · 2023Article
- The Impact of Intermittent Hypoxia on Metabolism and Cognition.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Review
- Effects of exercise and microbiota transplant on the memory of obesity-induced mice.Journal of exercise rehabilitation · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Obesity affects 13% of the adult population worldwide and this number is only expected to increase. Obesity is known to have a negative impact on cardiovascular and metabolic health, but it also impacts brain structure and function; it is associated with both gray and white matter integrity loss, as well as decreased cognitive function, including the domains of executive function, memory, inhibition, and language. Especially midlife obesity is associated with both cognitive impairment and an increased risk of developing dementia at later age. However, underlying mechanisms are not yet fully revealed. Here, we review recent literature (published between 2010 and March 2021) and discuss the effects of obesity on brain structure and cognition, with a main focus on the contributions of the gut microbiome, white adipose tissue (WAT), inflammation, and cerebrovascular function. Obesity-associated changes in gut microbiota composition may cause increased gut permeability and inflammation, therewith affecting cognitive function. Moreover, excess of WAT in obesity produces pro-inflammatory adipokines, leading to a low grade systemic peripheral inflammation, which is associated with decreased cognition. The blood-brain barrier also shows increased permeability, allowing among others, peripheral pro-inflammatory markers to access the brain, leading to neuroinflammation, especially in the hypothalamus, hippocampus and amygdala. Altogether, the interaction between the gut microbiota, WAT inflammation, and cerebrovascular integrity plays a significant role in the link between obesity and cognition. Future research should focus more on the interplay between gut microbiota, WAT, inflammation and cerebrovascular function to obtain a better understanding about the complex link between obesity and cognitive function in order to develop preventatives and personalized treatments.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.