ReviewNature reviews. Drug discovery2022
The foundations of immune checkpoint blockade and the ipilimumab approval decennial.
Review in Nature reviews. Drug discovery, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 337 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
337 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 511 citations in OpenAlex.
- Perioperative Chemoimmunotherapy vs. Chemotherapy Alone for Gastroesophageal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of gastrointestinal cancer · 2026Pooled it
- Evolving epidemiology and improving safety of rechallenge in immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated acute kidney injury: an updated meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Multilevel Mechanisms of Cancer Drug Resistance.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Pooled it
- The Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Journey: From Early Promise to Lasting Impact.Journal of immunotherapy and precision oncology · 2026Review
- Tumor-Regional Immune Microenvironment: A Critical Factor in the Design of Radiotherapy-Immunotherapy Combination Trials.International journal of cancer · 2026Review
- The Cardio-Onco-Immune Axis: immunopathological mechanisms in the cardiac microenvironment of checkpoint inhibitor-induced myocarditis.Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2026Review
- Neoantigen cancer vaccines for gastrointestinal tumors: opportunities and challenges.MedScience · 2026Review
- Therapy induced senescence promotes immunogenicity in acute myeloid Leukemia through reduced EZH2 activity.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Natural-Inspired Engineered Microalgae With Selenium Enrichment Enabled Potent Anti-Tumor Immunity.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- LARS2 reprograms mitochondrial metabolism and epigenetically upregulates MHC-I to boost antitumor immunity in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Article
- Cuproptosis: an emerging member of the immunogenic cell death family.Cell death and differentiation · 2026Article
- Menaquinone-4 protects CD8Science China. Life sciences · 2026Article
- Improving Anti-CTLA-4 Therapies through Peptide Masking and Fragment Crystallizable Non-fucosylation: Preclinical Characterization of Three Novel Antibodies.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2026Article
- Endogenous metabolite signaling orchestrates tumor immune evasion.Cell insight · 2026Review
- Nanobody-based targeted cancer therapy and immunotherapy: fear not the future.Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2026Review
- Review
- Anti-PD1-IL18 immunoconjugate promotes effector T cell-mediated antitumor immunity.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Article
- Glutathione-depleting self-immolative nanoparticles boost cuproptosis-driven metalloimmunotherapy for triple-negative breast cancer.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- Enhanced therapeutic efficacy of sequential ¹⁷⁷Lu/²²⁵Ac-LNC1004 FAP-targeted radionuclide therapy combined with anti-PD-L1 blockade in pancreatic cancer.European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging · 2026Article
- Chinese Medicine in Colorectal Cancer Treatment: From Potential Targets and Mechanisms to Clinical Application.Chinese journal of integrative medicine · 2026Review
277 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cancer immunity, and the potential for cancer immunotherapy, have been topics of scientific discussion and experimentation for over a hundred years. Several successful cancer immunotherapies - such as IL-2 and interferon-α (IFNα) - have appeared over the past 30 years. However, it is only in the past decade that immunotherapy has made a broad impact on patient survival in multiple high-incidence cancer indications. The emergence of immunotherapy as a new pillar of cancer treatment (adding to surgery, radiation, chemotherapy and targeted therapies) is due to the success of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) drugs, the first of which - ipilimumab - was approved in 2011. ICB drugs block receptors and ligands involved in pathways that attenuate T cell activation - such as cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4), programmed cell death 1 (PD1) and its ligand, PDL1 - and prevent, or reverse, acquired peripheral tolerance to tumour antigens. In this Review we mark the tenth anniversary of the approval of ipilimumab and discuss the foundational scientific history of ICB, together with the history of the discovery, development and elucidation of the mechanism of action of the first generation of drugs targeting the CTLA4 and PD1 pathways.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.